Final Exam Terms Flashcards
What is the understanding of quantity?
Numerosity
What is theory of mind?
Tendency to impute mental states to other individuals
What is a rule?
Verbal description of a contingency
Define Bias From Matching
A vita ion from matching in which one response alternative attracts a higher proportion of responses than would be predicted by matching, regardless of whether that alternative contains the richer versus poorer schedule.
What is true imitation?
Duplicating a novel behavior, or sequence of behaviors, to achieve a specific goal
Define preparedness.
An evolved predisposition for an organism to more easily learn certain types of behaviors or certain types of associations more readily then others
Define Say-Do correspondence
A close match between what we say we will do and what we actually do at a later time
Delayed matching-to-sample.
An experimental procedure in which the animal is first shown a sample stimulus and then, following some delay, is required to select that stimulus out of a group of alternative stimuli.
Define self control
With respect to choice between two rewards, selecting a larger later reward over a smaller soon reward
Taste aversion conditioning
A form of classical conditioning in which a food item that has been paired with gastrointestinal illness becomes a conditioned aversive stimulus.
Define communication
The process of sending and receiving a signal of some sort
Activity anorexia
An abnormally high level of activity and a low level of food intake generated by exposure to a restricted schedule of feeding
Vicarious emotional response
A classically conditioned emotional response resulting from seeing that emotional response exhibited by others
Define symbol
A cue that is used to represent some experience or object that can then be shared with someone else
Undermatching is ….
A deviation from matching in which the proportion of responses on the richer schedule versus poorer schedule is less different than would be predicted by matching
Self -awareness
The ability to perceive oneself as separate from others
CS-US relevance is …
An innate tendency to easily associate certain types of stimuli with each other
Stimulus enhancement is what?
Directing attention to a particular place or object, making it more likely that the observer will place or object.
The ability to associate arbitrary symbols with objects or events is known as what?
Reference
Commitment response
An action carried out at an early point in time at serves to either eliminate or reduce the value of an upcoming temptation
Define observational learning.
The process whereby the behavior of a model is witnessed by an observer, and the observer’s behavior is subsequently altered
Adjunctive behavior is when…
An excessive pattern of behavior that emerges as a by-product of an intermittent schedule of reinforcement for some other behavior
Matching law.
Proportion of responses= proportion of reinforcers
Personal-process rule
A personal rule that indicates the specific process by which a task is to be accomplished
Language is…
A special category of communication which has some key features
- Semantics
- Syntax
- Symbols
These distinguish it from other forms of communication
Contagious behavior is…
A more-or-less instinctive or reflexive behavior triggered by the occurrence of the same behavior in another individual
Define rule-governed behavior
Behavior that has been generated through exposure to rules
Sign tracking
A type of elicited behavior in which an organism approaches a stimulus that signals the presentation of an appetitive event
Concurrent schedule
(Of reinforcement) a complex schedule consisting of the simultaneous presentation of two or more independent schedules, each leading to a reinforcer
Impulsiveness
With respect to choice between two rewards, selecting a smaller sooner reward over a larger later reward
Generalized imitation is…
The tendency to imitate a new modeled behavior in the absence of any specific reinforcement for doing so
What is overmatching .
Eviction from matching in which the proportion of responses on the richer schedule versus poorer schedule is more different than would be predicted by matching
Define instinctive drift
An instance of classical conditioning in which a generally based, fixed pattern gradually emerges and displaced a behavior that is being operantly conditioned.
