final exam some terms

Question 1

behavioral momentum

Answer 1

the susceptibility of responding to disruption by manipulations such as presession feeding, delivery of free food, or a change in the schedule of reinforcement

Question 2

consolidation

Answer 2

the establishment of a memory in relatively permanent form so that it is available for retrieval a long time after original acquisition

Question 3

continuous reinforcement

Answer 3

a schedule of reinforcement in which every occurrence of the instrumental response produces the reinforcer

Question 4

discrimination hypothesis

Answer 4

an explanation of the partial-reinforcement extinction effect according to which extinction is slower after partial reinforcement than continuous reinforcement because the onset of extinction is more difficult to detect following partial reinforcement

Question 5

extinction (in classical conditioning)

Answer 5

reduction of a learned response that occurs because the CS is no longer paired with the US. Also, the procedure of repeatedly presenting a CS without the US

Question 6

extinction (in instrumental conditioning)

Answer 6

reduction of the instrumental response that occurs because the response is no longer followed by the reinforcer. Also, the procedure of no longer reinforcing the instrumental response

Question 7

forgetting

Answer 7

the loss of a learned response that occurs because information about training is irrevocable lost due to the passage of time. Forgetting is contrasted with extinction, which is produced by a specific procedure rather than the passage of time

Question 8

frustration

Answer 8

an aversive emotional reaction that results from the unexpected absence of reinforcement

Question 9

frustration theory

Answer 9

a theory of the partial-reinforcement extinction effect, according to which extinction is slower after partial reinforcement because the instrumental response becomes conditioned to the anticipation of frustrative nonreward

Question 10

intermittent reinforcement

Answer 10

a schedule of reinforcement In which only some of the occurences of the instrumental response are reinforced. The instrumental response is reinforced occasionally or intermittently. Also called partial reinforcement

Question 11

overtraining extinction effect

Answer 11

less persistence of instrumental behavior in extinction following extensive training with reinforcement (overtraining) than following only moderate levels of training.

Question 12

magnitude reinforcement extinction effect

Answer 12

less persistence of instrumental behavior in extinction following training with a large reinforcer than following training with a small or moderate reinforcer. This effect is more prominent with continuous reinforcement.

Question 13

partial-reinforcement extinction effect

Answer 13

the term used to describe greater persistence in instrumental responding in extinction after partial (or intermittent) reinforcement training than after continuous reinforcement training

Question 14

reinstatement

Answer 14

reappearance of an extinguished response produced by an exposure to the US or reinforcer

Question 15

renewal effect

Answer 15

reappearance of an extinguished response produced by a shift away from the contextual cues that were present during extinction. In ABA renewal, the shift is back to the context of acquisition. In ABC renewal, the shift Is to a familiar context unrelated to either acquisition or extinction

Question 16

resurgence

Answer 16

reappearance of extinguished response caused by the extinction of another behavior

Question 17

sequential theory

Answer 17

a theory of the partial-reinforcement extinction effect according to which extinction is retarded after partial reinforcement because the instrumental response becomes conditioned to the memory of nonreward

Question 18

spontaneous recovery (in extinction)

Answer 18

reappearance of an extinguished response caused by the passage of time