Final Exam Slides Flashcards
Preload
Is the degree of myocardial distension prior to shortening. The greater the stretch, the stronger the contraction.
Afterload
Pressure in the aorta against which the left ventricle must pump.
Osteoarthritis
Degeneration of a joint surface caused by wear and tear that leads to pain stiffness.
Rheumatoid Arthritis
An inflammation disorder that affects the entire body and leads to degeneration and deformation of joints.
What are the two main layers of the skin?
Epidermis
Dermis
Gangrene
Necrosis of tissue caused by anaerobic, toxin producing bacterium.
Tetanus
Infection with an anaerobic bacterium.
Body produces a potent toxin.
Results in painful muscle contractions and lockjaw.
Necrotizing Fasciitis
Death of tissue from bacterial infection.
Cause by more than one infecting organism.
Crush Syndrome
Body is trapped for longer than 4 hours.
Arterial blood flow is compromised.
Freeing the limb can result in harmful by-products being released.
Causes cardiac arrest.
Compartment Syndrome
Swelling and edema results in increased pressure within soft tissues.
Muscles are confined to an enclosed space.
Leads to compromised circulation.
As pressure develops, delivery of nutrients and oxygen is impaired.
By-products of normal metabolism accumulate.
Tissue necrosis.
If lasts longer than 6 hours:
Serious risk of death of local tissues
Disfiguring would debridement
Sepsis
What are the 5 layers of the skin?
Stratum Corneum: Non living cells continuously shed.
4 inner layers: continuously divide to give rise to the cells of the stratum corneum.
What is the skins function?
Protects underlying tissue from injury.
Aids in temperature regulation.
Prevents excessive loss of water from the body and tissues.
Sense organ, changes in temperature, touch.
Liver
Found in the RUQ
Detoxifies the blood
Produces bile
Gallbladder
Found on lower surface of the liver
Reservoir for bile
Spleen
Found in the LUQ
Clears blood borne bacteria
Pancreas
Found in the retroperitoneal space
Secretes enzymes into the bowel that aid in digestion
Secretes insulin
Stomach
Intraperitoneal organ in LUQ
Secretes acid that aids in digestion
Small and large intestines
Found in the intraperitoneal area
Digest and absorb water and nutrients
First part of the small intestines:
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Kidneys
Found in the retroperitoneal space
Filter blood and excrete body waste
Bladder
Found in the pelvis
Stores urine
Reproductive Organs
Female:
Uterus
Ovaries
Male:
Penis
Testes
Diaphragm
Separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity.
Curves from its point of attachment in the flanks at the 12th rib and peaks in the center of at the 4th intercostal space.
Cervical Plexus
Innervates the diaphragm
Brachial Plexus
Controls the upper extremities