Everything Flashcards
Hypotensive
Low blood pressure
Hypertension
High blood pressure
DCAP-BLS
Distention, Deformity, Dried blood, Diaphoresis
Contusions, Colour, Cyanosis, Contamination
Abrasions, Asymmetrical motion, Abdominal breathing (diaphragmatic)
Penetrations, Punctures, Protusions
Burns
Lacerations
Swelling, Sucking wounds, Splinting, Subcutaneous Emphysema
Subcutaneous Emphysema
Air trapped in tissue below the skin
SAMPLE History
Symptoms
Allergies
Medications
Past medical history
Last oral intake
Events proceeding the incident
TIC
Tenderness
Instability
Crepitus
OPQRST
Onset: when did it start?
Provokes: What were you doing prior to onset?
Quality: Describe the type of pain
Region/Radiation: Where did it center and radiate to?
Severity: Scale 1->10
Time: How long have you had it?
AVPU
Alert
Verbal
Pain
Unresponsive
Sturdius Respirations
Snoring noise
EMCA
Environment
Mechanism of injury
Casualties
Additional resources
5 P’s
Pain
Pallor (unhealthy pale appearance)
Paresthesia (abnormal sensation like pins and needles)
Paralysis
Pulse
Ongoing Assessment
Repeat of initial assessment
Reassessment of the vital signs (record them)
Repeat focused exam
Check interventions
PaCO2
% of CO2
Baseline Vital Signs
Pulse
Respirations
Blood pressure
Pupils
Glasgow coma scale
Skin
Temperature
Pulse oximetry (oxygen saturation)
Carotid Pulse
Pulse at your neck
Radial Pulse
Pulse at your wrist
Cyanotic
Blue coloration to the skin
Epistaxis
Medical term for nosebleed
Tachycardia
Heart is beating too fast (>100bpm)
Bradycardia
Heart is beating too slow (<60bpm)
Orthostatic Hypotension
Drop in systolic BP when moving from sitting to standing position.
A positive tilt test results if the patient becomes dizzy, has a pulse increase of at least 20bpm or a systolic BP decrease of at least 20mm Hg with position change.
Tachypnea
Abnormally rapid breathing
Coffee-ground Emesis
Sign of upper GI bleeding
Melena
Black stool, is a sign of upper GI bleeding
Hematochezia
Stool containing bright red blood. ie. hemorrhoids
Hematuria
Renal injury or illness
Ecchymosis
Purple bluish colouring under the skin, localized blood collection
Hematoma
A localized collection of blood in the soft tissues after injury
Peripheral Pulses
Strength is related to stroke volume and pulse pressure
Pulse Pressure
The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures
Stroke Volume
The volume of blood pumped forward with each ventricular contraction
Cardiac Output
Amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute.
Stroke Volume x Heart Rate = Cardiac Output
SV x HR = CO
Diaphoresis
Excessive or abnormal sweating for no apparent reason
Pulmonary Edema
Too much fluid accumulates in the lungs, interfering with a persons ability to breath normally
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
A serious complication of diabetes that can be life threatening.
Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA)
Aspirin
Dysrhythmia
Abnormal rhythm of heartbeat
Heart rate is irregular but still in a normal range
Arrhythmia
Heart rhythm is too fast or too slow
Cystic Fibrosis
A disorder that damages your lungs, digestive tract and other organs.
Erythema
Redness of the skin caused by injury or another inflammation-causing condition.
Purulent Discharge
Thick, milky white discharge.
Lymphangitis
Inflammation of your lymph vessels.
Rigor
A sudden feeling of cold and shivering while having a rise in temperature and copious sweating.
Closed Wounds
No break in the epidermis
Contusion
Edema
Ecchymosis
Hematoma
Open Wounds
Disruption of the epidermis
More serious than closed wounds
Vulnerable to infection due to contamination
Patients entire blood volume may be lost
Exudate
Fluid that leaks out of the blood vessels into nearby tissues.
Hyperkalemia
Serum or potassium levels above the upper limits of normal.
Avulsions
A flap of skin torn loose (partially or completely detached)
Atrophy
Shrink or waste away
Hypertrophy
Increase in size
Lividity
When the blood pools, if someone’s hanging their blood will pool at their feet.
Stenosis
Narrowing
Priapism
Erect penis
Decerebrate
Extension
Decorticate
Flexion
Ptosis
Upper eyelid droop
Miosis
Small pupil
Horner Syndrome
Ipsilateral anhidrosis (inability to sweat, specifically on one side), ptosis (upper eyelid droop) and miosis (small pupil)
Dermatomes
Sensory components that innervate and control specific discrete body areas.
Babinski Reflex
Only reflex checked in the prehospital environment.
Normal for toes to move downward (plantar flex) when foot is stimulated. A positive babinski is when toes move upward (dorsiflex).
Pulmonary Embolism
A sudden blockage in your pulmonary arteries, the blood vessels that send blood to your lungs.
Rebound Tenderness
You touch it and it doesn’t hurt then you let go and it hurts, this is a tell-tale sign of an appendicitis.
Striae
Stretch marks that indicate a change of size in the abdomen.
Scaphoid
Concave in
Distended
Protruding outwards
Borborygmi
Loud gurgles, often heard without a stethoscope and occurring at greater than 30 per minute (bowels).
Peritonitis
Redness and swelling (inflammation) of the lining of your belly or abdomen (peritoneum).
Hemoperitoneum
Blood in the peritoneal space.
Portal Vein
Transports venous blood from the GI tract directly to the liver for processing of nutrients.
Intertwined around the esophagus are veins that drain into an even more complex series of veins.
Ultimately join to form the portal vein.
Somatic Pain
Found in skin and deep tissues, well localized. Ex: cut your skin, you experience somatic pain, or stretch your muscles too far during exercise.
Visceral Pain
Comes from organs.
