Final Exam Significant Topics

Question 1

Components of well-written goals (3)

Answer 1

1. Performance
2. Condition
3. Criterion

Question 2

Refers to what the clinician expects the client to perform to show mastery of the goal.

Answer 2

Performance

Question 3

Refers to the condition under which the performance is to be done.

Answer 3

Condition

Question 4

This part of the goal refers to how well the client is expected to perform the goal.

Answer 4

Criterion

Question 5

What criterion is typically used in speech therapy?

Answer 5

90%

Question 6

What criterion is used for those with intellectual disability or very young clients?

Answer 6

80%

Question 7

List the components of clinician-directed approaches (5).

Answer 7

1. A traditional behaviorist approach
2. Attempt to make the target linguistic stimuli highly salient.
3. To reduce or eliminate irrelevant stimuli.
4. To provide clear reinforcement to increase language behaviors.
5. To control the clinical environment so that intervention is optimally efficient in changing language behavior.

Question 8

What is an example of a child oriented approach?

Answer 8

Indirect language stimulation

Question 9

How does the clinician arrange an activity for a client using indirect language stimulation?

Answer 9

The clinician arranges the activity so that opportunities for the client to produce the target responses occur as a natural part of play.

Question 10

What type of stimuli are used in indirect language stimulation?

Answer 10

The clinician uses a variety of linguistic stimuli as instructional language when they seem appropriate in the context of the child’s activity.

Question 11

List 3 things that are NOT a part of indirect language stimulation.

Answer 11

1. No tangible reinforcers
2. No requirements that the child provide a response
3. No prompts or shaping of incorrect responses when they occur.

Question 12

List the major types of hybrid intervention (3)

Answer 12

1. Focused stimulation
2. Vertical structuring
3. Enhanced milieu teaching (EMT)

Question 13

What does the clinician provide to the client during focused stimulation?

Answer 13

1. The clinician provides multiple examples of the target in a structured interactive play context.
2. The clinician provides the child with the opportunity to use the form, but when the child responds with something other than the target, the clinician responds contingently anyway, then goes on to give further models.

Question 14

If a child makes an unsuccessful attempt at the target in focused stimulation, what does the clinician do?

Answer 14

The clinician gives noncorrective feedback similar to an expansion.

The clinician asks the child to attempt the form but if the child declines to do so, the clinician simply goes on giving additional models.

Question 15

This is a particular form of expansion used like focused stimulation to highlight target structures.

Answer 15

Vertical structuring

Question 16

How does the clinician respond to a child’s incomplete utterance in vertical structuring, a hybrid approach?

Answer 16

With a contingent question

Question 17

In vertical structuring, after the clinician has responded to a child’s incomplete utterance with a contingent question, what does the child do in return?

Answer 17

Responds to the question with another fragmentary remark.

Question 18

In vertical structuring, after the child responds to the question with another fragmentary remark, what does the clinician do?

Answer 18

Takes the 2 pieces produced by the child and expands them into a more complete utterance.
NOTE - The child is not required to imitate the expansion in vertical structuring.

Question 19

List the 3 major components of Enhanced Milieu Teaching (EMT).

Answer 19

1. Environmental arrangement
2. Responsive interaction
3. Conversation based contexts….

Question 20

How should the environment be arranged if a clinician is using Enhanced Milieu Teaching?

Answer 20

1. Provide interesting materials
2. Place within the child’s reach
3. Sabotage - give only part of the material, toys, snack
4. Create situation where the child is going to need assistance.
5. Take advantage of unexpected situations.

Question 21

What is the style of conversation in EMT?

Answer 21

1. Establish joint attention
2. Balanced turn taking
3. Contingent responsiveness (respond quickly and meaningfully to child’s communicative attempts)
4. Positive effect

Question 22

What population is EMT appropriate for?

Answer 22

1. Children who are able to imitate sounds and words
2. Children who have a vocabulary of 10 words
3. Children who have an MLU between 1.0 and 3.5.