Final exam riview

Question 1

In Piaget’s theory the fourth and final stage of cognitive development characterized by more systematic logical thinking and by the ability to understand and systematically manipulate abstract concepts

Answer 1

formal operational thought

Question 2

Reasoning from a general statement, premise, or principle, through logical steps, to figure out (deduce) specifics (also called top-down reasoning)

Answer 2

deductive reasoning

Question 3

Rasoning from one or more specific experiences or facts to reach (induce) a general conclusion ( also called bottom-up reasoning)

Answer 3

inductive reasoning

Question 4

Erikson’s term for the fifth stage of development in which the person tries to figure out who am i? but is confused as to which of many possible roles to adapt.

Answer 4

identity vs role confusion

Question 5

Erickson’s term for the attachment of identity or the point at which a person understands who he or she is as a unique individual in accord with past experiences and future plans.

Answer 5

identity achievement

Question 6

Any potentially lethal action against the self that does not result in death. (also called attempted suicide or failed suicide)

Answer 6

parasuicide

Question 7

In Gilligans view, moral principles that reflect the tendency of females to be reluctant to judge right and wrong in absolute terms because they are socialized to be nurturing, compassionate, and nonjudgmental.

Answer 7

morality of care

Question 8

In Gilligans view, moral principles that reflect the tendency of males to emphasize justice over compassion judging right and wrong in absolute terms.

Answer 8

morality of justice

Question 9

Defined by developmentalists as marriage between individuals who tend to be similar with respect to such variables as attitudes, interests, goals socioeconomic status, religion, ethnic background and local origin.

Answer 9

homogamy

Question 10

Defined by developmentalists as marriage between individuals who tend to be dissimilar with respect to such variables as attitides, interests, goals, socioeconomic status, religion, ethnic background and local origin.

Answer 10

heterogamy

Question 11

Healthy, vigorous, financially secure older adults (generally, those aged 65 to 75) who are well integrated into the lives of their families and communities.

Answer 11

young-old

Question 12

older adults (generally those over age 75) who suffer from physical, mental or social deficits.

Answer 12

old-old

Question 13

Elderly adults (generally, those over age 85) who are dependent on others for almost everything, requiring supportive services such as nursing homes and hospital stays.

Answer 13

oldest-old

Question 14

Clumps of protein called beta-amyloid, found in brain tissues surrounding the neurons.

Answer 14

plaques

Question 15

Twisted masses of threats made of a protein called tau within neurons of the brain

Answer 15

tangles

Question 16

A chronic progressive disease that is characterized by muscle tremor and rigidity, and sometimes dementia ; caused by reduction of dopamine production in the brain

Answer 16

Parkison’s disease

Question 17

People over age 65, and often over 85, who are physically infirm, very ill, or cognitively disabled.

Answer 17

frail elderly

Question 18

A situation in which a seriously ill person is allowed to die naturally, through the cessation of medical intervention.

Answer 18

passive euthanasia

Question 19

A situation in which someone takes action to bring about another person’s death, with the intention of ending that person’s suffering.

Answer 19

active euthanasia

Question 20

A situation in which certain people although they are bereaved are prevented from mourning publicly by cultural customs or social restrictions.

Answer 20

disenfranchised grief

Question 21

A situation in which circumstances such as a police investigator or an autopsy, interfere with the process of grieving.

Answer 21

incomplete grief