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NSG 2113 > Final Exam Review (weeks 1-4) > Flashcards

Final Exam Review (weeks 1-4) Flashcards

1
Q

What is a discipline?

A

A branch of education, a department of learning, or a domain of knowledge

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2
Q

What level of prevention involves activities aimed at reducing factors leading to health problems?

A

Primary prevention

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3
Q

What level of prevention involves early detection and intervention in the potential development of a health problem?

A

Secondary prevention

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4
Q

What level of prevention is focused on the treatment of a health problem?

A

Tertiary prevention

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5
Q

What are the 4 pillars of primary health care?

A
  • Teams
  • Information
  • Healthy living
  • Access
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6
Q

What are the 3 approaches to health in Canada?

A
  1. Medical
  2. Behavioural
  3. Socioenvironmental
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7
Q

What are health disparities?

A

Preventable differences in the burden of disease, injury, or opportunity to achieve optimal health that are experienced by socially disadvantaged populations

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8
Q

Health ______ cause health inequalities

A

Inequities

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9
Q

What are the 5 principles of the Canada Health Act?

A
  1. Public administration
  2. Comprehensiveness
  3. Universality
  4. Portability
  5. Accessibility
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10
Q

Who does the federal government deliver health services to?

A
  • Indigenous peoples
  • Veterans
  • Federal inmates
  • RCMP
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11
Q

How did the Romanow Commission (2002) view Medicare?

A

As something sustainable that must be preserved because it represents core values of Canadians

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12
Q

How did the Kirby Report (2002) view Medicare?

A

As a system that is not sustainable

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13
Q

What are the 3 barriers to primary health care?

A
  • Individual-level barriers
  • Practice-level barriers
  • System-level barriers
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14
Q

What are the 5 levels of health care?

A
  • Level 1: Health promotion
  • Level 2: Disease and injury prevention
  • Level 3: Diagnosis and treatment
  • Level 4: Rehabilitation
  • Level 5: Supportive care
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15
Q

Who formed the Sisters of Charity: first visiting nurses?

A

Marguerite d’Youville

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16
Q

Who provided care to early settlers?

A

Mme Hébert

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17
Q

Who founded the first hospital in Quebec?

A

Jeanne Mance

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18
Q

Who is the founder of modern nursing?

A

Florence Nightingale

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19
Q

Where was the first undergraduate nursing program established in Canada?

A

University of British Columbia

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20
Q

Which provinces have endorsed Baccalaureate as Entry-to-Practice (BETP)

A

All except Quebec

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21
Q

Where was the first Masters of Nursing program established in Canada?

A

University of Western Ontario

22
Q

Where was the first doctoral program for nursing established in Canada?

A

University of Alberta

23
Q

Who monitors the nursing educational standards in Canada?

A

The provinces and territories and the Canadian Association for Schools of Nursing (CASN)

24
Q

What is the CNA?

A

Canadian Nurses Association
- Leader in advocacy and policy development

25
Q

Who developed the Code of Ethics?

A

CNA

26
Q

What is the CNO? What is its role?

A

College of Nurses of Ontario
- Set scope of practice
- Protect the title of nurse
- Protect the public against unqualified, incompetent practice

27
Q

What are the 2 broad approaches to the study of ethics?

A
  1. Descriptive moral theory –> explains what people do or think about moral issues
  2. Normative –> tells us how we should think about moral questions
28
Q

What is deontological theory?

A
  • Actions are defined as right or wrong
  • Do not look at the consequences of actions
  • Moral and honest action is taken regardless of the outcome
29
Q

What is the utilitarian theory?

A
  • No absolute principles
  • Greatest happiness for the greatest amount of people
  • The ethical choice is the one with the best consequences
30
Q

What is bioethics?

A

Actions are obligation based, outcome-oriented, and based on reason

31
Q

What are the 4 principles of bioethics?

A
  • Autonomy
  • Beneficence
  • Non-maleficence
  • Justice
32
Q

What is feminist ethics?

A
  • Focus on equality between people
  • Attentive to issues of difference, power dynamics, and context
33
Q

What is relational ethics?

A
  • Response to the limits of philosophical theories of justice
  • Emphasizes the importance of understanding relationships
34
Q

What are the 4 themes of relational ethics?

A
  • Environment
  • Embodiment
  • Mutuality
  • Engagement
35
Q

What is an ethical agent?

A

Someone who has the capacity to direct their actions to some ethical end

36
Q

What is ethical courage?

A

When nurses stand firm on a point of moral principle

37
Q

What are ethical dilemmas?

A

Arise when there are equally compelling reasons for and against two or more possible courses of action

38
Q

What is ethical disengagement?

A

Nurses normalize the disregard of their ethical commitment

39
Q

What is ethical distress?

A

Arises when nurses are unable to act according to their moral judgment

40
Q

What is ethical indifference?

A

IMplies a failure to assume the ethical responsibilities of the profession, leaving one in a passive state that calls into question the moral integrity of the nurse

41
Q

What is ethical residue?

A

What each of us carries with us from times in our lives when we have been seriously compromised

42
Q

What is ethical resilience?

A

Capacity of an individual to sustain or restore their integrity in response to moral complexity, confusion, distress or setbacks

43
Q

What are ethical violations?

A

Actions or failures to act that breach fundamental duties to the persons receiving care or to other healthcare providers

44
Q

What are the 4 aspects of the nursing metaparadigm?

A

Person
Nursing
Environment
Health

45
Q

What was Dorothea Orem’s focus in her Self-Care Deficit Theory?

A
  • Nursing care is required is the client is unable to fulfill biological, psychological, developmental, or social needs
  • Focus on the individual’s role in maintaining health
46
Q

What was Florence Nightingale’s nursing theory entitled?

A

Environmental theory

47
Q

What is the classification of levels of nursing theory from most abstract to most specific?

A
  • Metaparadigm
  • Grand theories
  • Middle-range theories
  • Practice-level theories
48
Q

What are the 5 ways of knowing?

A
  • Empirics
  • Esthetics
  • Personal knowledge
  • Ethics
  • Emancipatory knowing
49
Q

What are the 6 steps to evidence-informed practice?

A
  1. Ask
  2. Collect
  3. Critique
  4. Integrate
  5. Evaluate
  6. Disseminate
50
Q

What does PICOT stand for?

A

P: Patient/population of interest
I: Intervention of interest
C: Comparison of interest
O: Outcome
T: Time

51
Q

What are 4 types of qualitative research designs?

A
  • Ethnography
  • Phenomenology
  • Grounded theory
  • Symbolic interactionism
52
Q

What are 4 types of quantitative research designs?

A
  • Non-experimental
  • Cohort
  • Case control
  • Survey

NSG 2113 (7 decks)

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