Final Exam Review Questions Flashcards
(T/F) Eggs will sink in water (wash step) or eggs will float in dense solution
True
Centrifugation is proven to increase what?
Sensitivity
- Proper speed (400) to sink during wash
- Proper speed to rise during flotation
State the diagnostic techniques available for parasitic infections:
- Fecal flotation (centrifugation)
- Baermann
- Fecal smear
- Quantification (equine/ruminants/production)
- Soil or pen rope analysis
- Muscle biopsy or histopathology on tissues or gross ID of worms
- Sedimentation
- PCR
- Special Staining (lectin, IHC)
- Antibody or antigen testing (Heartworm); ELISA, CF, etc
Term:
is having the full disease condition, often with a variety of symptoms.
Clinical disease
Term:
are conditions where the disease is identifiable with laboratory testing or imaging, but have no outward signs or symptoms
Subclinical diseases
(T/F) Most parasite ova are heavier (have a greater specific gravity) than distilled water
True
- For parasite eggs to float, the specific gravity of the flotation solution must exceed that of the eggs and should be measured with a hydrometer specifically available to measure specific gravity from 1.0 to 1.4
(T/F) With diarrheic feces to recover potential nematode ova, it is advisable to pellet the sample using a centrifuge, draw off the excess liquid and then process the sample using the standard fecal flotation procedure
True?
Parasite Stage:
Muellerius (goat lungworm) hatched first-stage larvae (L1’s) recovered in fresh room-temperature feces
Diagnostic Test:
Baermann
Parasite Stage:
Liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica) ova recovery in feces
Diagnostic Test:
Centrifugation fecal flotation
Parasite Stage:
Toxocara eggs from a puppy’s feces
Diagnostic Test:
Centrifugation fecal flotation
Parasite Stage:
Microfilaria from nematode recovered in blood
Diagnostic Test:
Modified Knott’s
Term:
The time after the host is infected but before the parasite’s reproductive diagnostic stage can be found
Prepatent Period
What diagnostic test is best for detecting a patent roundworm infection in a 3-month-old puppy?
Fecal centrifugation flotation
- A wider margin of safety as compared to albendazole
- Useful Giardia Treatment
- effective against many common nematodes
Fenbendazole
What is a fatal flaw (error) that someone can make in performing a centrifugation flotation fecal examination for recovering common nematode ova from a dog fecal and cause the result to be “no ova detected”?
Failing to use sufficient material
(T/F) Refrigeration of a fecal sample for parasitology evaluation will negatively impact a Baerman test for recovery of viable motile larvae
True
List where parasite ova can be found in biological samples:
- Feces
- Urine
- Nasal discharge
What is a fecal smear technique used for?
Motile Protozoa
(T/F) Ground and soil pickup when collecting a fecal sample deposited on wet loose soil presents a problem for parasite detection
True
- Will kill both endoparasites and ectoparasites
- Is a macrocyclic lactone
- Ivermectin
Endectocide
(T/F) To treat a goat with Giardia, you may use metronidazole
False, it is banned by FDA in FA.
(T/F) When a dewormer is tested part of the approval process includes the dewormer being tested against at least two separate isolates or strains of the target parasite
True
What medication is the best treatment for a Trichuris infection in an adult dog?
Fenbendazole
Term:
The population of parasites/stages escape exposure to drug treatment and remain susceptible to anthelmintics
Refugia
- As the size of the refugia increases the rate of resistance decreases
