Final Exam Review Part 1 Flashcards
Democracy
A gov that is controlled by the people who live under it.
Limited Monarchy
A monarchy in which governing powers of the monarch are restricted by a constitution.
Blue Laws
Strict Puritan (Calvinist) laws that forbade pagan ceremonies; Christmas, dancing, gambling, sports and theatre.
National Convention
An elected body that decided that the king should be tied for his crimes against the country and executed. Elected after Revolutionary War.
Directory
- Controlled by the middle class.
- Gave power to people of property/ gave people with money more privileges.
- Took over the rule of Robespierre.
- Days of equality and citizen were over.
Montesquieu
A famous philosophe who believed that the ruler had to work with the elected parliament.
Sans Culottes
- Mostly poor people from Paris and larger cities.
- Represented the bourgeoisie
- against reforms that would benefit the middle class.
- Led by Jean-Paul Marat.
- Violent and supported radicals who wanted to execute the king.
Voltaire
Most famous philosophe.
- Against the church and for freedom of thought.
- Believed that absolute monarchy was good for society.
- Hated injustice,
Imperialism
- extending control of a region/regions by one nation
- usually involves both economic and political control.
Continental System
- Countries in Napoleons Empire were forbidden to trade with Britain or its colonies (Canada).
- Legal trade became sparse and expensive.
- Smuggling became profitable.
- Helped start a war between US and Canada. War of 1812.
First Consul
An official appointed by government to look over its commercial interests.
Test Act
An act forbidding anyone except the Church of England from holding political office.
Commons
Land which could be used by everyone.
Laissez-Faire
Economic policy that meant business and industry would be as free as possible from government regulation.
Poor Laws
Laws designed to help the poor, usually didn’t work very well.
Social Reformers
People who wish to change the nature of society.
Enclosures
Allowed for more productive farming. Population of many towns grew quickly with Enclosure.
Sea Dogs
English navigators, often pirates.
Crofter
A person who occupies and works a small landholding.
-Normally the tenant of the croft paying rent to the landlord.
Midlands
The centre part of England where there is a high population.
Filled du Roi
Women who were recruited by Talon to start new lives in Canada. Usually poor, orphaned women with nothing to gain from France.
Cardinal Richelieu
French clergyman, nobleman, and statesman.
-Wanted native people to hear the knowledge of God and be instructed in Catholic faith.
Seigneury
Feudal-like states.
Jesuits
Order of Roman Catholic priests.
- Members of the Society of Jesus’.
- Put down first roots of French culture in North America.
- looking for converts.
Sovereign Council
Government of New France made up of the governor, intendant, and bishop.
Etienne Brule
First European explorer to travel beyond the St. Lawrence River.
Bishop Laval
Set up schools.
- Made it possible to train missionaries for New France.
- Spread his religion through these schools.
- Founded both “Le Seminaire de Quebec” and “Le Petit Seminaire”.
Guy Carleton
First British governor,
- realized that French wouldn’t drop their language and religion,
- rather liked the way he could get along with French.
- Surrendered the parts of Savannah and Charleston, abandoned New York.
Thomas Jefferson
Important person who composed the Declaration of Independence.
Lord Strafford
- asked to bring the country under royal control.
- found many ingenious ways of obtaining money for the king.
- “Strafford’s Fork”, was a reference to the king who was “feeding off the country”.
- Charles lost to Parliament and turned Strafford over and he was executed.
Which came first?
Samuel Compton invents the mule.
John Kay invents the flying shuttle.
John Kay invents the shuttle.
Which came first?
The Stephenson brothers build the Rocket.
James Macadam designs British turnpikes.
James Macadam designs British turnpikes.
Which came first?
Treaty of Utrecht gives Acadia to the British.
Treaty of Paris gives New France to the British.
Treaty of Utrecht gives Acadia to the British.
Which came first?
Fall of the Bastille during the French Revolution.
Louis XVI is executed.
Fall of the Bastille during the French Revolution.
Which came first?
Acadians become highly skilled farmers.
Port Royal is established by Champlain.
Port Royal is established by Champlain.
Which came first?
Cromwell invades Scotland and Ireland.
Charles I invades the British parliament.
Charles I invades the British parliament.
Which came first?
Glorious Revolution.
The English Civil War.
The English Civil War.
Which came first?
Napoleon invades Egypt.
Napoleon becomes Emperor.
Napoleon invades Egypt.
T or F?
The French Revolution finally ended feudalism in France.
False.
T or F?
The radicals for the French Revolution were the Girondists.
False.
T or F?
The purpose of the fortress at Louisbourg was to protect the St. Lawrence from the French.
False.
T or F?
Enlightenment philosophes such as Rousseau, encouraged the French Rev. with their belief in democracy.
True.
T or F?
The French nobility and the clergy controlled the Estates General (French parliament).
True.
T or F?
At his trial for crimes against the country, Louis XVI refused to plead guilty or innocent.
False.
T or F?
The economic theory of mercantilism means that business is as free as possible from gov regulations.
False.
T or F?
Cottage industries came before the factory industries.
True.
T or F?
A cause of the English Civil War was Charles I belief in a constitutional monarchy.
False.
T or F?
Oliver Cromwell supported a policy of toleration for all religious groups.
False.
T or F?
Lord Turnip Townshend’s invention, the seed drill, was much more efficient then broadcasting seeds.
False.
T or F?
The Factory Acts forbade children under 18 from working in the textile industry.
False.
T or F?
The Vikings abandoned their settlement in Newfoundland because they couldn’t withstand attacks from the natives.
True.
T or F?
The French king was so thrilled by Verrazano’s discovery - North America was not an archipelago but continent - that he sponsored more voyages.
False.
T or F?
Oliver Cromwell considered himself a failure because he opposed absolute monarchies, but then became a dictator himself.
True.
T or F?
Those natives who converted to Catholicism were given more trade privileges by the French, including guns for furs.
True.
T or F?
In order to secure New France for France, Louis XIV and Colbert had French soldiers attack and burn Huron villages.
False.
Appalachian
Folded low mountains, plateaus and river valleys. Weather affected by Labrador and Arctic current. Coniferous and deciduous trees.
Coastal Plains
Mostly flat, many swamps and marshes. Fertile agricultural land. Hot summers, cold winters. Pine forests.
Great Lakes - St Lawrence
Smallest geographical region, rolling landscapes, flat plains. Winters; cool/cold. Summer’s; warm/hot. Fertile soils, broadleaf forest.
Interior Plains
Vast sweep plain, deep valleys. Gently rolling hills. Boreal forests.
Canadian Shield
Volcanic mountains levelled by millions of year of erosion. North winters long and cold. Summer’s cool and short. Boreal forest.
Western Cordillera
Mountains separated by plateaus and valleys. Moist and mild.
Intermountain Regions
Between rocky and coastal mountains. High plateaus and isolated mountains. Deserts. Streams and rivers. South winters are short warm and dry. North also dry but more moderate.
Arctic
Lowlands and mountains. Near the ocean is very flat. Formed by folding and are now covered in glaciers. Climate very severe bcuz so far from equator. 10 month winter. Summer short. Trees can’t grow.
