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Social Studies 9 > Chapter 3 - The French Revolution Review > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - The French Revolution Review Flashcards

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1
Q

Marat

A

1 of 3 radical leaders of the rev. Opposed to any deals with monarch & was prepared to take the king to trial and execution. Most radical of the 3 and was murdered in bathtub by Charlotte Corday.

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2
Q

Madame Roland

A

Leader of the Girondists. Arrested and guillotined for being considered too moderate. Original leader of the rev.

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3
Q

Count Mirabeau

A

Great speaker and Leader of the 3rd estate. Declared a new gov. known as the National Assembly.

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4
Q

Madame du Pompadour

A

The unofficial wife of Louis XV. Held many salons during her lifetime, protected free thinkers from the royal officials.

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5
Q

Aristocrat

A

Part of the 1st and 2nd estates. Had and displayed extraordinary wealth without embarrassment.

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6
Q

Bourgeoisie

A

The middle class. These people were important to the economy because they invested in new business ventures. Difficult to make a profit.

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7
Q

Sans - Culottes

A

Mostly poor people from Paris and larger cities. Against reforms that benefited the business and class. Wanted a National Gov. to lower prices and provide bread. Formed mobs and attacked Paris with anybody that was suspected of being against the rev. Violent and supported the radicals.

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8
Q

Émigrés

A

People who leave one country for another. Worked outside of France to restore the old system.

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9
Q

Directory

A

Replaced the rule of Robespierre. Controlled by the middle class. Most people went to people of property > signals a return to special privileges for people with money. Could elect and vote members to Gov. Days of equality were over.

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10
Q

Absolute Monarchy

A

Ruled by a sovereign with unlimited power. One who is above the law.

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11
Q

Democracy

A

A type of government that answers to the wishes of it’s people.

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12
Q

Enlightenment

A

Meant science and human intelligence were of the highest importance. The step of religion, views as old fashioned or superstitious by the philosophes.

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13
Q

Infrastructure

A

The roads, canals, and other means of communication and travel within a community.

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14
Q

Radicals

A

Someone who wants a major change quickly.

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15
Q

Salons

A

A meeting of the intellectuals to discuss exciting ideas.

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16
Q

Deficit

A

The money the Gov. is short each year after it pays it’s bills.

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17
Q

Tariffs

A

A tax.

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18
Q

Monopolies

A

The exclusive right to sell a product to a group of people.

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19
Q

Speculators

A

A person who deals in a product and hopes to take advantage of a sudden rise of fall in prices.

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20
Q

WCF? French Rev or American Rev.?

A

American Rev.

21
Q

WCF? Reign of Terror begins or Peasants storm the Bastille?

A

Peasants storm the Bastille.

22
Q

WCF? Louis XIV has Versailles built or France declares war on Austria.

A

Louis XIV had Versailles built.

23
Q

WCF? National Assembly created the third estate or Louis XVI summons the Estates General?

A

Louis XVI summons the Estates General.

24
Q

WCF? National Assembly makes the tennis court Oath or The Legislative Assembly is formed.

A

National Assembly makes the Tennis Court Oath.

25
Q

T or F? The Jacobins, Girondists and Sans - Culottes are among the first political parties established in France.

A

False.

26
Q

T or F? If a person found work in a city, half their wages would go to paying for food.

A

True.

27
Q

T or F? The goal of the National Assembly was to have Louis XVI executed.

A

False.

28
Q

T or F? Marie Antoinette was much more qualified to run France than her husband.

A

False.

29
Q

T or F? Louis XIV was nicknamed the Sun King because he thought he was the centre or French life and culture.

A

True.

30
Q

Reasons for the low standard of living of the French poor.

A

Paid taxes, had no say, exploited by Louis XVI, Bankrupt almost, most of population and provided for most of France.

31
Q

Describe life as a 17th C. farmer.

A

Owned only small plots of land and still used medieval farming methods. Didn’t produce nearly the same value per hectare as others in England and Holland.

32
Q

Why couldn’t the middle class businessmen and merchants make a profit?

A

They had to spend half their incomes on food. Many people were poor and lived in slums. Many turned to become beggars, Vagrants, and thieves.

33
Q

What issues/problems brought France to the “brink of disaster”?

A

Louis XIV became involved with many wars to promote his own interests and expand French territory. Wars in 1660’s against the Dutch depleted his treasury. Involved himself in the politics of the Holy Roman Empire.

34
Q

What was important during the Enlightenment?

A

Science and human intelligence were of the highest importance.

35
Q

Turgot

A

Controller general of finances. Tried to reform the economy but was forced out of office by Marie Antoinette.

36
Q

How did the French government respond to the philosophes?

A

Censored books & newspapers (did not allow free speech).

37
Q

How often did the Estates General meet?

A

Only met on royal command > met very seldom.

38
Q

How did the Estates General vote?

A

Each bloc counted as a single vote.

39
Q

What events triggered the French Rev.?

A

France was almost bankrupt, states general locked out of parliament building, offers in exchange for money but never held up.

40
Q

When the Third Estate met on the Tennis Court, how long did they say they would meet?

A

Until France had a democracy (new form of Gov) .

41
Q

Why did a mob attack the Bastille?

A

High price of bread.

42
Q

Why did the Great Fear occur?

A

Peasants were afraid that the aristocrats would join the king to stop the rev. This resulted in a panic called “The Great Fear”.

43
Q

How did the National Assembly change French society.

A

Declared France a republic and abolished the monarchy (feudal rights and serfs) equality.

44
Q

Why did a mob of women march to Versailles in October 1789?

A

Paris was starving while the monarchs ate feasts.

45
Q

What were the goals of the Jacobins?

A

Taking control of the gov.

46
Q

Why did France declare war on Austria?

A

Austria promised not to harm Frances King, people of France didn’t like the king and despised Austria’s King. Hostile toward their enemies.

47
Q

Which counter-revolutionaries were NOT executed during the Reign of Terror?

A

Food speculators who gave free bread to the poor.

48
Q

How was Robespierre similar to Cromwell?

A

Both hated dictators and became one. Opposed tyrancy.

49
Q

What title was abolished by the Directory?

A

Citizen.

Social Studies 9 (6 decks)

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