Final Exam Review Flashcards by Lindsay Mustard

Who sent the telegram on December 12, 1917 to Mrs. George Laughlin?

Jennette H Bolles

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Who married Blanche?

George Laughlin II

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Mark Twain

Received treatment from Calegran (student of Pehr Henrik Ling, the father or European Physiotherapy and prescribed movement)

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Who treated Mark Twain’s daughter for Epilepsy

Helmer treated her in Vermont

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Father of European Physiotherapy

Pehr Henrik Ling

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Who was the grandson of Henrik Kellegreen?

James Cyriax - wasn’t an advocate he was evidence based

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John Martin Littlejohn

Spoke at the hearing

Failed to produce his degrees and certificates

One of the MAJOR factors preventing Osteopathy from being legalized in Britain until 1994

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Helen and Elmer Barber

Littlejohn spoke at the hearing when the NSO tried to sue the ASO in 1900. Told them they could buy a diploma.

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Abraham Flexner

Hired by Andrew Carnagee (Rockefeller contributes Carnagee foundation)

Flexner report (1909-1910)

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Flexner Report Recommendations

Reduce the number of medical schools (155 to 31)

Train physicians to practice in a scientific manner and engage medical faculty in research

Increase Prerequisites (High school graduate, need to be affiliated with Universities )

Give medical schools control o clinical instruction in hospital

Strengthen state regulation of medical licensure

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Sarah & Hugh Russell

Personal Osteopaths for John D Rockefeller

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Ernest Tucker

1903

Predictions for the Future of Osteopathy:

Continues as now, parallel

General Medicine absorbs it

Osteopathy becomes a further specialization within general

Due to public interest, it becomes part of a general education

Something else developments “not insight”

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Osteopathic Mechanics

Written by Edythe Ashore (1915)

Focused on the lesion and the lesion correction

Elaborated on Lovett’s Spinal Mechanics

Mentions the two types of treatment offered by Osteopaths:
Indirect/Direct (favoured direct)
Exaggeration / Distraction

Called the lesion for what it doesn’t like to do

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Primary and Counterbalancing Lesions

Counterbalancing lesions are usually present and they are of the same type as the primary lesion - that is a rotation lesion to the right will induce rotation lesions to the left in a vertebra above or below most commonly in the vertebra immediately below

This induces or secondary lesion has for its purpose characteristics of the primary lesions

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Robert Lovett

Robert Lovett: Lateral Curvature of the Spine and Round Shoulders (1907)

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Movements in the Spine

Flexion
Extension
Sidebending/Rotation

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“These statements are turns for the various areas of the son positioned as they were when Dr Lovett performed his experiment by they are NOT true in the lumbar when that area is in neural or moderate flexions, or in the dorsal when it is side bent form the position of moderate extension”

Harrison Fryette

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Who championed Fryette’s findings 30 years later?

Fryette’s 3rd law or Nelson’s Principle:

When motion is introduced in one plane it will modify (reduce) motion in the other two planes (Nelson 1948)

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What was the objection that the former ASO student Charles Green make to the school’s approach to the technique:

Wanted to take the principles that Still taught and turn into techniques

Went to battle (upper & lower years)

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Strap Technique

Joseph Swart - 1919

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Muscle Energy Technique

Fred Mitchell Sr.

Published ME Techniques in 1958 Structural Pelvic Function

Fred. Mitchell Jr. - Hosted workshops and shared his father’s learnings and teachings

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TJ Ruddy

EENT specialist used what he called Rapid Resistive Duction in the cervical spine and the orbits

Patients was to move quickly 60 exerusions per mintue or equal to the patient’s pulse against the operators

Vascular effect

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Fred Mitchell Sr.

The attempt to restore joint integrate before soothingly restoring muscle and ligamentous normality was putting the cart before the horse

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Carl Kettler

First to focus his attention on the soft tissue between joint, muscles and fascia and the changes it undergoes in the lesioning process

Kettler emphasized that without establishing bilateral my myofascial harmony the lesion returns

The foundation of the spine as a whole is the pelvis

George Webster

Teddy Hall

Befriended Fryette British Osteopath - thought of by his contemporaries as the most brilliant technician of his time Had a treatment on a cruise ship and fell in love with Osteo Former cruise ship musician

It was impossible to expect a patient to hold an upright or fixed position if there is a weakness in the perineum

John Martin Littlejohn

There is no proper motion at all in the sacrum. If it moves at all it is in the excess of the ligamentous...etc

Ernest Tucker

Supported concensus - movement of sacrum

Flexion and Extension

Spontaneous Release by Positioning

Lawrence Jones | Strain / Counter-strain

Osteopathic Advocates

``` Mark Twain Helen Keller Nelson Rockefeller Theodore Roosevelt William Russell Hearst ```

Somatic Dysfunction

Impaired or altered function of related components of the somatic (body framework) system: skeletal, arthrodial and myofascial structures and related vascular, lymphatic and nerual elements

Episteme & Techne

Knowledge & Craft

Technic

Think general method or approach

Technique

Think specific application

Acquaint yourselves with all structures by a deep and continued study of anatomy, because on this foundation you must stand or fall

A.T Still

Osteopathic Mechanics

Edythe Ashmore (1915) First chapter is "the Lesion"

The Lesion

Any structural perversion which induces or maintains functional disturbance. A lesion is any maladjustment which ultimately causes injury to tissues, or it is an etiological factor in the production of disease and manifests pathological effects. The results of injury and as such presents certain signs and symptoms

Diagnosis of secondary lesion dependent upon...

Appearance of the lesion at rest to the opposite side Presence of unrestricted motion in the joint when subjected to experimental palpation

Lateral Curvature of the Spine and Round Shoulders

Robert Lovett - 1907

Movements of the spine

Flexion Extension Side Bending

Side Bending in Erect Position | more common in lumbar region

Side-bending causes the rotation of the vertebral bodies into the CONCAE side

Side Bending in Flexed Position

Side-bending occurs higher in the spine in flexion than in other position. Side-bending accompanied by rotation into the CONVEXITY of the curve

"Like side-bending, the greater the flexion, the higher up in the column rotation will occur. The greater extension, the lower down in the column.

From Robert Lovett

How were lesions named?

For their restriction (except for the sacrum)

Fryette - Rules 1&2 based on Lovett's conclusions

1: Lumbar: rotation & SB will turn into the CONCAVITY 2: Dorsal: Rotation and Sidebending toward the CONVEXITY

Nelson's III Principle

When motion is induced in one plane it will modify (reduce) motion in the other two planes (1948)

Fred Mitchell Sr.

College of Osteopathic Medicine at Michigan State University Wrote Muscle Energy Technique (1958) 10 years of using these approaches Fred Mitchell Jr. elaborated through modality manuals and courses onwards

TJ Ruddy

EENT specialist that used Rapid Resistive Duction in the cervical spine and orbits Patient moved quickly, 60 excursions per minute or equal to the patient's pulse against operator's resistance

Carl Kettler

Focused on "restoring joint integrity before soothingly restoring muscles and ligaments normality was putting the cart before the horse" The first to focus his attention on the importance of the vast amount of tissue involved b/w joints, muscles, fascia and the changes it undergoes int eh lesioning process. Without establishing bilateral myofacial harmony, lesion pattern returns

The sacrum is anatomically part of the pelvis, but physiologically part of the lumbar spine

Fryette

Fryette Type 1

Spine = neutral and in a group curve SB & R occur to the OPPOSITE side

Fryette Type 2

Flex/Extension occurs in a single segment R and SB occur to the SAME side

The sacrum participates in lumbar neutral mechanics as the lowest segment of the lumbar group.

Fryette

The foundation for the spine as a whole is the pelvis. The sacrum is suspended between the innominates and becomes the direct foundation for the vertebral column.

George Webster

It is impossible to expect a patient to control a corrected posture if there was any weakness in the floor of the perineum

Littlejohn

A major advocate for AT. Still

Ernest Tucker

Fred Mitchell Sr. comments about sacral torsions on an oblique axis

Type of motion the sacrum assumes in its effort to do rotation and lateral flexion The anterior or so called physiological motion of the superior sacral pole, induced by the opposite SB of L4-5 NSLRR was originally called torsional flexion, and NN, torsional extension