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Anatomy and Physiology CELLS > Final Exam Review > Flashcards

Final Exam Review Flashcards

1
Q

These are the building blocks of the human body

A

Cells

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2
Q

These are examples of tissues

A

Loose connective and Adipose tissues

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3
Q

The skin is critical in:

A

Maintaining salt balance, water balance, and temp regulation. Converting a compound to Vitamin D when exposed to the sun

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4
Q

These are components of the skin

A

Hair and Nails

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5
Q

Joints that are movable: the knees, shoulders, elbows

A

Synovial

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6
Q

These are the two filaments of a muscle

A

Myosin and Actin

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7
Q

These are the two divisions of the nervous system

A

CNS and PNS

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8
Q

A large bundle of Axons

A

Nerve

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9
Q

This part of the nervous system deals with the brain and spinal cord

A

CNS

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10
Q

The black spot, or opening in the center of the circular muscles of the iris

A

Pupil

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11
Q

These are the functions of the ear

A

Hearing and Equillibrium(or balance)

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12
Q

These are some of the functions of the Endocrine system

A

Regulate growth, reproduction, use of nutrients by the cells. It also helps us respond to stress

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13
Q

Hormone secretion is typically regulated by..

A

Negative feedback mechanism

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14
Q

The period of contraction in which blood is forced out of the heart

A

Systole

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15
Q

This filters out foreign material while the mucus membrane warms and moistens the air when we breathe air in through our nose

A

Cilia

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16
Q

This is also called the voice box

A

larynx

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17
Q

During inhalation, the air will pass through the pharynx, larynx and upper windpipe to lead into the bronchi which divide into the left and the right

A

Pharynx -> larynx -> upper windpipe

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18
Q

The bronchioles reach deep into either lung

A

true

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19
Q

This is where the gas exchange in the lungs take place

A

Alveoli

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20
Q

The respiratory disease characterized by loss of elasticity of the alveoli

A

Emphysema

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21
Q

A lung disease characterized by dyspnea, wheezing and shortness of breath caused by an allergen

A

Asthma

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22
Q

The thick muscle that aids in respiration and separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities

A

Diaphragm

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23
Q

These are the three divisions of the throat

A

Oropharynx, laryngopharynx, nasopharynx

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24
Q

An agent that causes the airways to expand to ease breathing difficulties

A

Bronchodilator

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25
Q

Ingested food undergoes these two digestions

A

Mechanical and Chemical

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26
Q

what order does the food go through passing the digestive system

A

mouth->pharynx-> esophagus-> stomach -> small int-> large intestine

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27
Q

Muscle contraction and assists in moving food through the digestive

A

Peristalsis

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28
Q

has Salivary amylase that begins mechanical digestion

A

Saliva

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29
Q

has mucous secretion that lubricates the mouth; kills bacteria and helps tongue convert food into semisolid masses called BOLUSES

A

Saliva

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30
Q

Another name for the throat

A

Pharynx

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31
Q

Soupy mixture a result of food digestion in the small intestine

A

Chyme

32
Q

Three components of the small intestine in sequence

A

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

D.j.i

33
Q

State the functions of the liver

A
  1. produce and secrete bile
  2. store iron and vitamins
  3. metabolism of protein
  4. detoxify alcohol and drugs
34
Q

State the functions of the large intestine

A
  1. Eliminate waste
  2. Absorb sodium and water
  3. incubate microbes
35
Q

Condition where the pancreas becomes ingested by its own enzymes

A

Acute pancreatitis

36
Q

State the function of the Urinary system

A

Regulate volume and composition of body fluids

37
Q

These are the principal metabolic by-products

A
  1. Water
  2. Carbon dioxide
  3. nitrogenous wastes
38
Q

The functional units of the kidneys

A

Nephrons

39
Q

The three steps to urine formation

A

Filtration
reabsorption
secretion

40
Q

The inability to hold urine in the bladder

A

Urinary incontinence

41
Q

Formed in the liver from the breakdown of simple sugars

A

Urea

42
Q

The tubes extending from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

A

Ureters

43
Q

When fluid output is greater than the input

A

dehydration

44
Q

These do NOT contribute to water loss

A
  1. In feces
  2. through skin
  3. through lungs
  4. excretion by kidneys
45
Q

How is fluid homeostasis adjusted

A
  1. Adjusting the salt and water content of urine
  2. excrete metabolic wastes
  3. regulate electrolyte concentration
  4. regulate pH levels of blood and body fluids
46
Q

The retention of excess amounts of tissue fluids

A

Edema

47
Q

The first ever menstrual period of a young woman

A

Menarche

48
Q

When does ovulation typically occur

A

14 days before the start of the next cycle

49
Q

During menstruation the thickened endometrium sloughs off

A

True

50
Q

The point in a woman’s life where she is no longer fertile, when Ova is no longer produced. Hot flashes occur and usually begins at 50 years of age

A

Menopause

51
Q

How long does a typical menstrual cycle usually lasts

A

28 days

52
Q

List the important functions of the circulatory system

A
  1. Transport nutrients, oxygen, CO2, wastes and hormones
  2. maintain body temperature
  3. fluid balance
  4. Protect the body against pathogens
53
Q

This is the body defense against diseases

A

White blood cells

54
Q

These are cells that play an important role in clotting

A

Platelets

55
Q

Deficiency in hemoglobin

A

Anemia or hemoglobinemia

56
Q

Type of blood that is a universal donor

A

Type O

57
Q

The function of Neutrophils (type of WBC)

A

Phagocytosis(ingesting bacteria)

58
Q

An abnormal heart sound

A

Murmur

59
Q

This slows down the heart rate

A

parasympathetic nerves

60
Q

This speeds the heart rate

A

Sympathetic nerves

61
Q

A major blood vessel that carries blood BACK to the heart

A

Vena Cava (is a vein)

62
Q

Carry blood AWAY from the heart

A

Arteries

63
Q

A decrease in blood flow = decrease in BP

A

true

64
Q

Increase in resistance of arteries to blood flow = increase BP

A

True

65
Q

The specialized receptors in the heart wall that are sensitive to changes in BP

A

Baroreceptors

66
Q

This is a type of Lymph tissue

A

Tonsils

67
Q

The largest lymphatic organ in the body

A

Spleen

68
Q

This is where the oxygen - CO2 exchange occurs

A

Capillaries

69
Q

Receptors in the heart that is sensitive to change in BP

A

Baroreceptors

70
Q

The ___ in our nose filter material when we breathe in

A

Cilia

71
Q

this membrane warms and moistens the air

A

Mucous membrane

72
Q

Loss of elasticity in the alveoli

A

Emphysema

73
Q

Agent causing airways to expand

A

Bronchodilator

74
Q

Voicebox

A

Larynx

75
Q

Muscle that aids in respiration; separates thoracic and abdominal cavities

A

Diaphragm

76
Q

Three parts of the throat

A
  1. Nasopharynx
  2. Oropharynx
  3. Laryngopharynx

Anatomy and Physiology CELLS (6 decks)

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