Final Exam Review 3 Flashcards
Arthr/o
Joint
Hepat/o
Liver
Oste/o
Bone
Cardi/o
Heart
Test/o
Testis, testicle
Endo-
Within
Thorac/o
Thorax (chest)
Vas/o
Vessel, duct
Uter/o
Uterus
Ven/o
Vein
Lymph/o
Lymph, lymph gland
Chlor/o
Green
Erythr/o
Red
Leuk/o
White
Cyan/o
Blue
Xanth/o
Yello
Viscer/o
Internal organs
Sarc/o
Flesh, connective tissue
Epitheli/o
Epithelium
Rhytid/o
Wrinkles
Dermat/o
Skin
Meta-
After, beyond, change
Hypo-
Below, incomplete, deficient
Hyper-
Above, excessive
Hom/o
Same
Heter/o
Other
Pro-
Before
Sub-
Below
A-
Without, absence of
Ab-
Away from
Ana-
Without
Mal-
Bad
Tri-
3
Bi-
2
Appendic/o
Appendix
Gingiv/o
Gums
Mamm/o
Breast
Sperm/o
Sperm
Gynec/o
Woman
Ather/o
Yellowish, fatty plaque
Rhin/o
Nose
Orth/o
Straight
-Ectomy
Surgical removal, excision
-Itis
Inflammation
-Oma
Tumor, swelling
-Algia
Pain
-Ic
Pertaining to
-Genesis
Origin, cause
Aur/o
Ear
Mastoid/o
Mastoid
Ot/o
Ear
Py/o
Pus
-Tripsy
Surgical crushing
-Esis
Condition
-Osis
Abnormal condition
-Pexy
Surgical fixation, suspension
-Scopy
Visual examination
Lith/o
Stone, calculus
Urin/o
Urine
-Stenosis
Constriction, narrowing
-Logy
Study of
-Phonia
Sound, voice
-Plegia
Parlysis
Brady-
Slow
Tachy-
Fast
Ren/o
Kidney
Azot/o
Urea, nitrogen
Nephr/o
Kidney
Cyst/o
Bladder, sac
-Megaly
Enlargeemnt
-Rrhaphy
Suturing, repairing
-Lysis
Loosening, dissolution, separating
-Gram
Record, x-ray image
-Tomy
Cut into, incision
-Cele
Hernia, protrusion
Cor/o
Pupil
Dacry/o
Tear (duct)
Corne/o
Cornea
Blephar/o
Eyelid
Cry/o
Cold
Phot/o
Light
Ophthalm/o
Eye
-Stasis
Control, stop, standing
-Plasm
Growth, substrance, formation
-Plasty
Surical fixation
Derm/o
Skin
-Malacia
Softening
Dipl/o
Double, 2
-Rrhea
Flow, excessive discharge
Lact/o
Milk
Part/o
Bear, give birth to, labor
Fet/o
Unborn child (fetus)
Gravid/o
Pregnancy
Cutane/o
Skin
Aden/o
Gland
Hidr/o
Sweat
Cytology
Study of cells
Hypopnea
Insufficient breathing
Hypoxia
Low oxygen
Abscess
Confined pocket of pus that collects in tissues, organs, or spaces inside the body
Cyanosis
Condition of blue
Dacryocystitis
Inflammation of lacrimal sac
Ophthalmalgia
Pain in eye
Nephroma
Tumor of kidney
Cystocele
Protrusion of bladder
Pneumonitis
Inflammation of lung
Myringitis
Inflammation of tympanic membrane
Tympanitis
Inflammation of eardrum
Otalgia
Pain of ear
Tracheostenosis
Narrowing of trachea
Epistaxis (rhinorrhagia)
Nosebleed
Pertussis
Whooping cough
Croup
Barking cough
Asthma
Condition in which a person’s airways become inflamed, narrow and swell, and produce extra mucus, which makes it difficult to breathe
Influenza
Common viral infection that can be deadly affecting the lungs, nose + throat
Emphysema
Lung disease caused by smoking
Laryngoplasty
Surgical repair of larynx
Lobectomy
Surgical exicision of lobe(s)
Bronchopneumonia
Inflammation of the lungs, arising in the bronchi or bronchioles
Otomastoiditis
Inflammation of ear and mastoid bone
Bronchoscope
Instrument used for visual examination of bronchi
Otomycosis
Fungal ear infection
Mastoidectomy
Surgical excision of mastoid bone
Oximeter
Instrumet used to measure oxygen
Ventilator
Instrument for artificial respiration
Iridoplegia
Paralysis of iris
Conjunctivitis
Inflammation of conjunctiva
Scleromalacia
Softening of sclera
Diplopia
Double vision
Myopia
Nearsightedness
Hyperopia
Farsightedness
Ophthalmologist
Physician studying + treating disorders of eye
Cataract
Clouding of the eye’s lens
Emmetropia
State in which the eye is relaxed and focused on an object more than 6 meters or 20 feet away
Chalazion
Inflammatory lump in the tear gland of the eyelid
Optic
Pertaining to vision
Astigmatism
Imperfection of eye curvature
Urologist
Physician who studies + treats urinary system
Urticaria
Skin rash triggered by a reaction to food, medicine, or other irritants
Dermatologist
Physician who studies + treats the skin
Dermatoautoplasty
Grafting the skin from one part of the body and applying it to another
Epithelioma
Tumor of epithelium tissue
Onychomycosis
Condition of fungus on nails
Keloid
Raised scar after injury heals
Jaundice
Liver condition that causes yellowing of a newborn baby’s skin and eyes
Impetigo
Highly contagious skin infection that causes red sores on the face
Pediculosis
Infestation of lice
Xeroderma
Dry skin
Pallor
Pale appearance
Fissure
Cut or tear in skin
Nevus
Birthmark or a mole on the skin
Macule
Flat, distinct, discolored area of skin less than 1 centimeter (cm) wide
Eclampsia
Seizures that occur during a woman’s pregnancy or shortly after giving birth
Placenta
Flattened circular organ in the uterus that nourishes + maintains the fetus through the umbilical cord
Preeclampsia
Potentially dangerous pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure
Obstetrician
Physician who deals with pregnant women and childbirth
Ectopic pregnancy
Pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus (in the fallopian tubes)
Dystocia
Difficult labor
Amnionitis
Inflammation of amnion
Chorioamnionitis
Inflammation of chorion and amnion
Leukorrhea
Whitish or yellowish discharge of mucus from the vagina
Metrorrhea
Abnormal uterine discharge
Natal
Relating to the place or time of one’s birth
Distal
Distant from
Proximal
Close to
Medial
Middle
Ventral
Pertaining to stomach/front
Cephalic
Pertaining to head
Lateral
Side
Sagittal plane
Divides the body L/R
Transverse plane
Divides to body U/L
Frontal plane
Divides boyd F/B
Oncology
Study of cancer
Carcinogen
Cancer-causing
Cytogenic
Producing/causing cells
Benign
Not harmful, non-malignant
Malignant
Harmful or infectious
Xanthosis
Yellow discoloration
Myopathy
Muscle disease
Neuroma
Tumor of nerve
Sarcoma
Malignant tumor of epithelial tissue
Melanoma
Dark skin cancer
Arthritis
Inflammation of joint(s)
Subhepatic
Pertaining to below the liver
Idiopathic
Relating to or denoting any disease or condition that arises spontaneously or for which the cause is unknown
Myopathy
Disease of muscle
Hysterectomy
Surgical removal of uterus
Myomectomy
Surgical removal of fibroids from the uterus
Circumcision
Removal of the foreskin from a human penis
Vasectomy
Medical sterilization procedure for men who are sure they don’t want a future pregnancy
Hydrocele
Fuid-filled sac around a testicle, often first noticed as swelling of the scrotum
Angiography
Examination by x-ray of blood or lymph vessels, carried out after introduction of a radiopaque substance
Hematologist
Physician studying blood
Hemostasis
Stopping of blood flow
Echocardiogram
Examination by X-ray of blood or lymph vessels carried out after introduction of a radiopaque substance
Defibrillation
Stopping of fibrillation of the heart by administering a controlled electric shock in order to allow restoration of the normal rhythm
Angioplasty
Surgical repair or unblocking of a blood vessel, especially a coronary artery
Cardiac catheterization
Procedure used to diagnose and treat cardiovascular conditions in which a long thin tube called a catheter is inserted in an artery or vein in your groin, neck or arm and threaded through your blood vessels to your heart
Polyp
Small clump of cells that forms on the lining of the colon or rectum
Cirrhosis
Chronic liver damage from a variety of causes leading to scarring and liver failure
Osteoporosis
Condition of loss of tissue in bones (weakening them)
Craniotomy
Surgical opening into the skull
Scoliosis
Sideways curvature of the spine
Laminectomy
Excision of lamina (part of vertebrae)
Neuralgia
Pain in nerve(s)
Epilepsy
Neurological disorder marked by sudden recurrent episodes of sensory disturbance, loss of consciousness, or convulsions, associated with abnormal electrical activity in the brain
Psychogenic
Having a psychological origin or cause rather than a physical one
Anesthesia
Without feeling
Syncope
Temporary loss of consciousness caused by a fall in blood pressure
Neurologist
Physician studying nerves + nerve disorders
Hydrocephalus
Build-up of fluid in the cavities deep within the brain
Multiple sclerosis
Disease in which the immune system eats away at the protective covering of nerves
Sciatica
Pain radiating along the sciatic nerve, which runs down one or both legs from the lower back
Dysphasia
Language disorder that affects a person’s ability to communicate
Electroencephalograph
Measurement of electrical activity in different parts of the brain and the recording of such activity as a visual trace (on paper or on an oscilloscope screen)
Acromegaly
Disorder in adults in which the pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone
Hypothyroidism
Condition in which the thyroid gland doesn’t produce enough thyroid hormone
Adenectomy
Surgical removal of all or part of a gland
Endocrinologist
Physician studying + treating endocrine system
Calcipenia
Condition in which the amount of calcium in the tissues and fluids of the body is insufficient
Syndrome
Group of symptoms that consistently occur together or a condition characterized by a set of associated symptoms
Goiter
Abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland
Diabetes
Disease in which the body’s ability to produce or respond to the hormone insulin is impaired, resulting in abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates and elevated levels of glucose in the blood and urine
Acidosis
Excessively acid condition of the body fluids or tissues
Ketosis
Metabolic state characterized by raised levels of ketone bodies in the body tissues, which is typically pathological in conditions such as diabetes, or may be the consequence of a diet that is very low in carbohydrates
Myxedema
Swelling of the skin and underlying tissues giving a waxy consistency, typical of patients with underactive thyroid glands
Tetany
Condition marked by intermittent muscular spasms, caused by malfunction of the parathyroid glands and a consequent deficiency of calcium
Thyroidotomy
Incision into thyroid gland
