Final Exam Review Flashcards
What role does the dental assistant have with the medically and physically compromised patient?
Aid the dentist in treatment, provide a source of information to the patient and family, make the patient more comfortable, and reduce anxiety.
What is the fastest growing segment of the population?
Older people are the fastest growing segment of the population.
In what category would you assess a patient that has experienced a stroke and is wheel chair bound?
A patient who has experienced a stroke and is wheel chair bound would be category III.
What is xerostomia?
Xerostomia results from certain disorders and medications and causes a decreased flow of saliva or a dry mouth.
What are the four oral health conditions that affect the aging population?
Xerostomia, periodontal disease, tooth decay, dark and brittle teeth, bone resorption
What is dementia?
Dementia is a mental disorder characterized by the loss of memory, concentration and judgement.
What adverse effects can occur as the result of taking Dilantin?
Adverse effects of taking Dilantin include increased bleeding tendencies, drowsieness, lack of coordination, drug induced gingival overgrowth & xerostomia
What is another term for cerebrovascular accident?
Stroke
What are 2 examples of neurologic disorders??
Alzheimer’s disease, seizures, multiple sclerosis, stroke
What is the leading cause of death of men over 40 and women over 65 in the US?
Heart disease
Is epinephrine recommended for use in patients with heart dieases?
Epinephrine and other vasoconstrictors can be administered, within limits, to patients with mild to moderate cardiovascular disease.
What organs of the body do pulmonary disorders affect?
Pulmonary disorders affect the lungs.
What does the abbreviation COPD stand for?
COPD stands for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
What disorder is associated with an overactive thyroid gland?
Graves’ disease is associated with an overactive thyroid gland.
A person with deficiency in the oxygen-carrying component of blood is said to have ______.
anemia
A term for wasting away or deterioration is ______.
atrophy
A (n) ___________ is a sudden episode, spasm, or convulsion that occurs in specific disorders.
Seizure
The presence of bacteria in the blood is termed _______.
Bacteremia
______ is a term for the loss of saliva production that causes a dry mouth.
Xerostomia
____ is a severe pain in the chest that results from an insufficient supply of a blood to the heart.
Angina
____ is a neurological disorder that includes sudden recurring seizures of motor, sensory, or psychological function.
Epiliepsy
______ is a disorder in which progressive mental deterioration occurs in middle to old age.
Alzheimers
A blood coagulation disorder in which the blood fails to clot normally is _______.
hemophilia
____ is a chronic disorder in which the inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bronchial tubes occurs.
Bronchitis
A condition that results from excessive activity of the thyroid gland is ____.
Hyperthyroidism
A disease of the bone marrow in which an abnormal development of white blood cells occurs is _____.
Leukemia
Inflammation, pain, and swelling of the joints are symptoms of ____.
Arthritis
_____ is a chronic respirartory disease that is often associated with allergies and is characterized by sudden recurring attacks of labored breathing, chest constriction and coughing.
Asthma
_____ is a condition that results from severe thyroid insufficiency.
Hypothyroidism
A sudden loss of brain function caused by a blockage or rupture of a blood vessel to the brain is a ____.
Stroke
____ is a metabolic disorder that is characterized by having high blood glucose and insufficient insulin.
diabetes
What characteristic might fit a frail older adult?
Beginning to have multiple health problems
What oral health conditions affect the aging population?
Periodontal disease
root caries
bone resorption
Dementia is a condition of ____.
Deteriortation of mental capacity
What common oral adverse effect results from taking Dilantin?
Xerostomia
What body system would be affected if a patient has an overactive thyroid gland
Endocrine
A patient with type 1 diabetes is classified as
insulin dependent
What is the psychological disorder in which a patient experiences alternating prolonged episodes of extreme elation followed by depression?
Bipolar disorder
Which developmental disorder causes difficulties with social interaction, communication, and repetive behaviours?
Autism
What category best describes a modification of care made by the dental team for a patient requireing scheduling changes or shorter appointments?
Category II
Common oral findings for an individual with down
syndrome include:
Open bite, protruding tongue and mouth breathing
Slanted eyes & borad nose
Cerebral Palsy is characterized by:
lack of coordination
This type of seizure involves little movement and
typically lasts no longer than 30 seconds:
Petit Mal Seizure
What records do you need to take for a 1st orthodontic appointment?
- Extra-oral photos
- Addition to intra oral photos
- Diagnostic casts of teeth
- Radiographs (Cephalometic & Panoramic)
What record allows the doctor to see particular growth patters in a patient?
Cephalometic x-ray
After case presentation for orthodontics, what 2 forms will the patient need to sign?
- informed consent
- financial contract
List the sequence of appointments and procedures for Brace Application appointment.
- Separators will be placed first
- Molar bands will be cemented
- Brackets will be bonded
- Arch wire is placed and tied in with ligature ties or elastomeric ties
In order to monitor teeth movement, what type of ortho appointment will be scheduled?
Adjustsment visits
What oral hygiene and dietary instructions are provided for a new orthodontic patient?
Show charters method of brushing, introduce super flose to help with daily fossing, stress importance of oral hygiene to eliminate: hypocalcification and periodontal disease
Other aids may be recommended such as end tuft brush, floss threader
Avoid sugar (sugar coated cereal, soda, sticky (caramel), hard (ice, frozen candy, jaw breakers),, husk (peanuts, popcorn) foods and eliminate chewing gum
After the orthodontist is satisied with the treatment, what appointment will be set up for Jasmin?
Braces removal appointment
In order to maintain teeth on desired alignment, what type of ortho appointment will be scheduled?
Teeth retension appointment where below retainers may be recommended.
Howley retainer
Orthodontic positioner
Lingual Retainer
According to Dental Assisting Scope of Practice (CADA, 2019) what type of activities you are able to perform without the orthodontic module?
-Extra-oral photos
-Addition to intra oral photos
-Diagnostic casts of teeth
-Radiographs (Cephalometric, Panoramic)
-Present informed consent and financial contract
-Operatory and instruments set up and transfer
-Provide oral hygiene and dietary instructions
What could be a genetic cause of malocclusion?
parent with a small jaw
How many photographs are typically taken in the diagnostic records appointment?
Five
If a person occludes and the mandibular anterior teeth are not visible, the diagnosis is?
Overbite
A ________ is a removable appliance used during the final stage of orthodontic treatment to retain teeth in their desired position.
Positioner
What is another term for class III occlusion?
Mesioclusion
The ______ grasp onto the arch wire in the treatment of excessive crowding
Ligature wire
Orthodontic bands with buccal tubes are seated on which teeth?
Molars
What can be used to secure the arch wire to the bracket
Ligature ties
This orthodontic instrument is used to help position a molar band for fixed appliance
Bite stick/band seater
What is a type of appliance that may be used when a patient’s teeth appear large but their mouth is narrow. What type of appliance may be recommended in the future?
Palatal expander
Name 3 oral health conditions geriatric patients may experience
patients may experience.. xerostomia, periodontal disease, root caries, brittle and yellowing teeth, bone resorption
Down syndrome patients often present with a prognathic mandible. True or False?
True
What are the four categories of abuse?
physical, emotional, sexual and neglect
What category of treatment would this patient be placed in according to the MDA?
This patient will require significant modifications in the delivery of dental care including equipment and use of the surgical suite.
Category 4
Oral sedation can be in the form of a liquid. True or False?
True
A key policy indicator in Dental Public Health is:
Goals or objectives used to measure the success of a program
Prevalence of a disease is:
The total number of cases existing at any one time
Epidemiology is the study of:
How and why a health problem occurs in a population
There are no agencies in calgary that provide accessible dental public health services. True or False?
False
List three types of diagnostic records the dental assistant may obtain for the orthodontist to make an accurate diagnosis.
Photographs
Diagnostic Casts
Radiographs
What class of orthodontic treatment is full banding
Corrective
What class of orthodontic treatment is palatal expansion device?
interceptive
Name the type of traction device which fits around the patient’s neck and is used to move maxillary first molars distally.
Cervical
Name the bone resorbing cells which will remove the cells from the bone on the alveolar side of the periodontal membrane during orthodontic movement.
Osteoclasts
Name the type of orthodontic appliance which uses the patient’s muscle action to achieve required movement.
Functional
Can an RDA just graduated from the SAIT Dental Assisting Program remove banding cement or adhesive?
NO
What material is used to open tight interproximal contacts to properly fit bands?
Separating elastics
What is the most commonly-used removeable retainer in orthodontics?
Hawley
The step of the endodontic procedure where the pulp chamber is opened so that infectious material may escape is called __________________________
Open and drain
The step of the endodontic procedure where the pulp canals are cleaned, shaped and bacteria are eliminated with chemical agents is called ___________________________________________.
Debridement
The step of the endodontic procedure where the pulp canals are filled with gutta percha and pulp canal sealer is called __________________________.
Obturation
Order of Orthodontic Appointments?
1 - Placement of Separators
#2 - Braces appointment
#3 - Adjustment: checks appointment set on schedule 1-3-6 month intervals
#4 - Removal of fixed appliance (treatment completed)
#5 - Retention - delivery of positioner
Characteristics & Function of a Band Pusher
-single or double ended
-to push orthodontic bands into place during try-in and cementing phases
Characteristics & Function of a Band seater/bite stick
-single ended square tip or triangular tip
-to assist seating or placing of orthodontic bands for try-in or cementing phase
Characteristics & Function of a Band remover
Two beak types: Round cover to protect tooth upon removal / Curved - placed on gingival side to apply pressure and remove band
To remove orthodontic bands from teeth
Characteristics & Function of a Bracket remover
-Grasp bracket to remove it from tooth
-To remove anterior or posterior brackets from teeth
Characteristics & Function of Three-prong pliers
Range of sizes available
-To contour and bend light wire
Characteristics & Function of Bird Beak Pliers
-Versatile wire-bending pliers
-beaks on working end meet very precisely
-to bend and form orthodontic wire
-to remove bonded bracket by squeezing bracket
Characteristics & Function of Ligature/wire cutters
-Range of sizes available
-To cut ligature after it has been tied to arch wire
-To cut ligature tie to allow removal of arch wire
Characteristics & Function of Distal End-Cutting Pliers
-Catches and holds excess wire after it is cut
-Cuts distal end of the arch wire after placement
Characteristics & Function of Bracket Placement Pliers
- Range of sizes
-To hold and carry the brackets to be bonded on the teeth
Characteristics & Functions of Howe Pliers
-All purpose pliers for orthodontic procedures
-serrated tips for better grip on wire
-Straight or curved beaks
-to place and remove arch wires
-to check for loose bands
Characteristics & Function of a Orthodontic Hemostat
-Multifunctional instruments for orthodontic procedures
-Holds and places separators and/or ties ligatures to arch wire
Characteristics & Function of Weingart Utility Pliers
Working ends-tapered, slim tips to allow pliers to fit between brackets for ease of arch wire placement
-to place and remove arch wires
-aids in a variety of functions for ortho procedures.
-Removes bonded brackets by squeezing bracket
What age groups seek orthodontic care?
All age groups seek ortho care
Give a type of genetic cause for malocclusion.
A genetic cause for malocclusion could be a smaller jaw size from one parent and large teeth from the other.
What term is used for abnormal occlusion?
Malocclusion is the term used for abnormal occlusion.
What tooth is used to dertermine a person’s occlusion.
The maxillary first molar determines occlusion.
If a tooth is not properly lined up with its opposing tooth, it is said to be in ______.
crossbite
If a person occludes and you cannot see the mandibular anterior teeth, what is the patient’s malalignment?
The patient’s malalignment is overbite.
What two positions does the orthodontist evaluate for facial symmetry?
Frontal view and profile view are the two positions the orthodontist evaluates for facial symmetry.
What type of radiograph is used to review the anatomical base for malocclusion?
The cephalometric projection is an extraoral radiograph used to review the anatomic base for malocclusion.
How many photographs are taken during the records appointment?
A total of five photographs are taken during the records appointment, including two extra-oral photographs and three intraoral photographs.
What gypsum material is commonly used for fabricating diagnostic casts in the orthodontic office?
Plaster is the gypsum material commonly used for fabricating diagnostic casts in the othodontic office.
What instrument is used to seat a molar band?
A bland plugger is used to seat a molar band.
Is the orthodontic scaler used for removing calculus from around the fixed appliance?
No, an orthodontic scaler is not used to remove calculus from around the fixed appliance; rather, it aids in bracket placement, removal of elastomeric rings, and removal of excess cement or bonding material.
When bands are cemented, what can be used to prevent cement from getting into the buccal tubes or attachments?
Chapstick or utility wax can be used to prevent cement from getting into the buccal tubes or attachments.
What is another name for 110 pliers?
Howe pliers
To prepare for the placement of orthodontic bands, what procedure is completed to wedge teeth apart?
Separators are used to wedge teeth apart.
Are brackets cemented or bonded to a tooth?
Brackets are bonded to a tooth.
Where would most auxiliary attachments be found on braces?
They are found on the bands of braces.
What shape of wire is commonly used for the initial stage of treatment?
A round wire is commonly used for correcting in the initial stage of treatment.
In what 2 ways can you measure an arch wire without placing it in the patient’s mouth?
You can use a diagnostic model or the arch wire that you are replacing.
Besides the use of ligature ties, what technique can be used to hold an arch wire in place?
Elastomeric ties are used to hold an arch wire in place.
What additional appliance might the orthodontist use to control growth and tooth movement?
Headgear might be used to control growth and tooth movement.
How can hard foods possibly harm braces?
Hard foods can loosen bands, pull out ligature ties, or bend arch wires.
How can a patient make flossing easier with braces?
A floss threader can be used to make flossing easier.
When a patient’s braces come off, does this mean that treatment is over?
No, it does not mean that treatment is over, retention is still necessary to allow tissues the required time for reorganization, support teeth that are in an unstable position, and control changes due to growth.
Give an example of a retention appliance.
Positioner, Hawley retainer, and lingual retainer are examples of retention appliances.
A(n) ____ is a stainless steel ring cemented to molars to hold the arch wire for orthodontics.
band
A(n)________ is a small device bonded to teeth to hold the arch wire in place.
bracket
A(n) __________ is used to secure the arch wire within a bracket.
ligature tie
A(n) ____ attachment is located on either a bracket or a band to hold an arch wire or elastic in place.
auxiliary
A preformed metal wire that provides the force to guide teeth into position for orthodontics is a(n) ______.
arch wire
A(n) ____ is a device used to wedge molars open before fitting and placement of othodontic bands.
separator
A(n) _____ is a condition that occcurs when the maxillary teeth are not properly aligned with the mandibular teeth.
cross bite
_____ is another term for class III malocclusion.
mesioclusion
An extraoral radiograph of the bones and tissues of the head is a(n) _______ radiographic image.
cephalometric
_____ is another term used for class II malocclusion.
distoclusion
An extraoral ortho appliance used to control growth and tooth movement is ______.
headgear
An appliance used to maintain the set position of teeth and jaws after orthodontic treatment is a(n) ______.
retainer
The excessive protrusion of the maxillary incisors is diagnosed as ______
overjet
A(n) ___________ isthe lack of vertical overlap of the maxillary incisors that creates an opening between the anterior teeth.
open bite
The specialty of dentistry designed to prevent, intercept, and correct skeletal and dental problems is _____
orthodontics
_____ is a term that describes the structures of the teeth, jaws and surrounding facial bones.
Dentofacial
A(n) _____ is a removable appliance used during the final stage of orthodontic treatment to retain teeth in their desired position.
Positioner
An increased vertical overlap of the maxilllary incisors is a(n) ______.
overbite
________ can occur when pressure is applied to the jaw in vitro, which could cause a distortion.
fetal molding
What could be a genetic cause for maolocclusion?
parent with a small jaw
What is the term used for abnormal occlusion?
malocclusion
If a person’s tooth is not properly aligned with its opposing tooth, the malalignment is referred to as ____.
cross bite
What type of radiograph is most commonly exposed in orthodontics?
Cephalometric
The instrument used for seating a mandibular molar mand is the _____.
howe pliers
The orthodontic scaler is used for _____.
removing excess material from around bands and brackets
AND
removing elastic separators & ties
To ease the placement of orthodontic bands, what procedure is completed to open the contact between specific teeth?
Placement of a separator
During cementation of bands, what can be used to keep cement from getting into the buccal tubes or attachments?
Lip balm or utility wax
How is a bracket adhered to a tooth?
bonding agent
Where are auxiliary attachments found on braces?
on Brackets and on bands
What shape of arch wire is indicated for correcting the intial stages of malalignment of teeth?
round wire
Besides ligature ties, what can be used to hold an arch wire in place?
elastomeric ties
What appliance might the orthodontist use to maintain growth and or tooth movement?
Headgear
How can a hard piece of candy possibly harm a person’s braces?
It can bend a wire
It can loosen a band
It can pull of a band
An example of a retention appliance is the…
hawley retainer
positioner
lingual retainer
What is the purpose of separators?
They are placed interproximally on the teeth to be banded. The separator slightly separates the teeth to make seating of the bands easier.
What is the common response to a patient when they ask how long will they have braces?
You cannot give a definte time, but a time range of 12 to 18 months can be given for minor movement and alignment.
Who invented modern orthodontics?
Edward Angle
What is the purpose of retainers?
To hold teeth in place
Which food should be avoided with braces?
Caramel - sticky chewy foods or husk foods like popcorn
Orthodontics is only about aesthetics. True or false?
False
What is the role of an orthodontist?
To align teeth and jaws
When should children first see an orthodontist?
Around age 7
What could be a genetic cause of malocclusion?
parent with a small jaw
How many photographs are typically taken in the diagnostic records appoinment?
Five
If a person occludes and the mandibular anterior teeth are not visible.. the diagnosis is..
overbite
A ____ is a removable appliance used in the final stage of ortho treatment to retain teeth in their desired position.
positioner
What is another term for class 3 occlusion?
mesioclusion
The ___ grasp onto the arch wire in the treatment of excessive crowding.
ligature wire
Orthodontic bands with buccal tubes are seated on which teeth?
molars
This ortho instrument is used to help position a molar band for a fixed appliance
Bite stick / band seater
What can be used to secure the arch wire to the bracket?
ligature ties
What type of appliance is used when a patients teeth appear large but their mouth is narrow?
palatal expander
Which instrument is used to bend arch wires in orthodontic treatment?
arch wire bender
What are the common causes of malocclusion?
Genetics and heredity
How can malocclusion affect a person’s oral health?
It can cause difficulty in chewing and speaking
What is cross bite in malocclusion?
When the upper teeth sit inside the lower teeth when biting
What instrument is used to cut orthodontic wires?
Wire cutter
What instrument is used to remove excess cement after placing orthodontic brackets?
cement spatula
What is the instrument used to remove orthodontic bands?
band remover
Which instrument is used to place orthodontic brackets on teeth?
bracket placement tweezer
What does geriatric dentistry primarily focus on?
Oral health care for older adults
What is a developmental cause of orthodontic problems?
Congenitally missing teeth
What is Class I occlusion?
normal occlusion
During the frontal evaluation of facial esthetics, why is the face examined?
to examin for bilateral symmetry
When taking photographs, the full direct view includes what?
intraoral view, with all teeth in occlusion
Which radiograph is most commonly exposed on an orthodontic patient?
Cephalometric
Orthodontic fixed appliances are also known as…
Braces
What does the term “incidence” in epidemiology refer to ?
new cases of a disease in a defined population during a specified time
Which statement is correct about sticky candy and gum use during orthodontic treatment?
It loosens bands, pulls out ligature ties, and bends arch wires
What is the purpose of an orthodontic positioner?
to retain the teeth in their desired position
What are the dental assistant’s duties with regards to orthodontic treatment
- the dental assistant motivates and reinforces oral home care
-the dental assistant makes appliance adjustments (with module)
-the dental assistant takes and fabricates diagnostic records
Before placement of orthodontic ____, separators may be necessary.
Bands
A cross-bite refers to which condition?
A tooth not properly aligning with its opposing tooth.
What is overbite?
Excessive vertical overlap of maxillary teeth
What plier aids in fitting bands?
contour pliers
Beyond the age of ___ years, thumb and finger sucking wiill affect the upper facial structure and upper anterior teeth
5
The orthodontic problems of most people come from an interatction of which of the following?
developmental
genetic
environmetal influences
What is epidemiology?
Study of the distribution and determinants of health-related events
What is the primary goal of epidemiology?
to understand the causes and patterns of diseases in populations
In the context of dentistry for vulnerable populations, what does the term “access to care” refer to?
the ease with which individuals can obtain dental appointments
What does the term “prevalence” in epidemiology refer to?
proportion of people in a population with a condition at a given point
Which non-nutrive habit may be a result in narrowing of the maxilla?
Mouth breathing
What Class of Treatment is Correction of Oral Habits?
Preventive
What Class of Treatment is Serial Extractions?
Interceptive
What Class of Treatment is Disking?
Preventive
What Class of Treatment is Crossbite correction before full developement?
Interceptive
What Class of Treatment is Full orthodontic banding?
Corrective
What Class of Treatment is Orthodontic Retainers?
Corrective
What type of appliance is a space maintainer?
Passive appliance
What ype of appliance is invisalign?
Active appliance
What type of appliance is a orthodontic positioner?
Passive appliance
What type of appliance is headgear?
Functional appliance
