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Practice Management > Final exam Review > Flashcards

Final exam Review Flashcards

1
Q

Feedback to help receiver expand knowledge, sharpen skill, improve capability

A

Coaching

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2
Q

Feedback to rate or rank against a set of standards, to align expectations, to inform decision making

A

Evaluation

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3
Q

Feedback to see, acknowledge, connect, motivate, thank

A

Appreciation

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4
Q

empathy: Knowing how other people think and feel

A

Cognitive

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5
Q

Empathy: Feeling another person’s emotions

A

Emotional empathy

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6
Q

Empathy: Having a physical reaction in response to what someone else is experiencing

A

Somatic

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7
Q

An individual is not thinking about change in the near future

A

pre-contemplation

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8
Q

Has a desire to change within the near future

A

Contemplation

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9
Q

Has a plan, hasn’t taken action yet

A

Preparation

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10
Q

Marks the beginning of actual change

A

Action

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11
Q

Successful maintained behavior change for at least six months

A

Maintainence

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12
Q

Leadership: Idealized Influence
Inspirational motivation
Intellectual stimulation
Individualized consideration

A

Transformational

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13
Q

Leadership Styles: Contingent reward

A

Leadership Styles: Transactional

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14
Q

Leadership style: Revolves around power
Directs and controls all activities
Low follower autonomy
Demands obedience

A

Authoritarian

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15
Q

Leadership style: Hands off approach

Non-transactional

A

Laissez-faire

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16
Q

Leadership style: Extremely self-aware
Leads from own core values
Strong sense of purpose
Builds relationships
Disciplined, focused

A

Authentic

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17
Q

Leadership style: Seek to help, develop, guide followers
Sensitive to emotional well-being
Puts followers first
Strong moral/ethical code

A

SERVANT

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18
Q

when there are two morally correct courses
of action, but they cannot both be followed at the same
time.

A

Ethical dilemma

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19
Q

practitioner knows the course of action to
take, but for whatever reason, they do not take it.

A

ethical distress

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20
Q

practitioner is confronted by challenges or
threats to personal moral duties and values.

A

Ethical problem

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21
Q

-ability to have the perseverance, the toughness, the
conviction and the courage to take action to correct something that you know is wrong

A

Moral courage

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22
Q

-prioritizes moral values over
motives such as self gratification, making money, revenge, protecting
your reputation or protecting your organization

A

Moral Motivation (professionalism)

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23
Q

-deciding which action is right or wrong because you
are able to assess how the different lines of actions that you could take will affect other people

A

moral judgement

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24
Q

-ability to interpret the situation and project the
consequences of your actions

A

Moral sensitivity

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25
Q

Logical and strategic thinkers, focused on innovation and intellectual problem-solving.

A

Analyst

Types include Architects, Logicians, Commanders, and Debaters.

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26
Q

Empathetic and idealistic, focused on cooperation, harmony, and emotional intelligence.

A

Diplomats

Types include Advocates, Mediators, Protagonists, and Campaigners.

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27
Q

Practical and reliable, focused on order, stability, and responsibility.

A

Sentinels

Types include Logistician, Defender, Executive, and Consul.

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28
Q

Spontaneous and adaptable, focused on hands-on problem-solving and flexibility.

A

Explorers

Types include Virtuoso, Adventurer, Entrepreneur, and Entertainer.

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29
Q

Red flags of documentation

A

Ranges of level of assistance
Little progress noted or status unchanged
Patient agitated or confused
> 3 modalities or modalities after 4th visit
Poorly written goals or POC
Testing too often or not reported
No documentation of exercise or education

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30
Q

Feeling a connection to those simular to you and it makes you bias

A

Affinity bias

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31
Q

Having stereotypes about a group

A

perception bias

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32
Q

projecting positive qualities on someone that you dont know

A

halo effect (bias)

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33
Q

looking to confirm your own opinions which makes you bias

A

confirmation bias

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34
Q

aggressive communication style

A

Communication style in which you stand up for your rights but you violate the rights of others

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35
Q

Assertive communication style

A

Communication style in which you stand up for your rights while maintaining respect for the rights of others

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36
Q

Passive communication style

A

Communication style in which you put the rights of others before your own, minimizing your own self worth

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37
Q

Ambady Article : Physical Therapists’ Nonverbal Communication Predicts
Geriatric Patients’ Health Outcomes

A

The study examines how nonverbal behavior of healthcare providers, particularly physical therapists, impacts elderly clients’ perceptions and therapeutic outcomes. It finds that positive facial expressiveness (smiling, nodding) correlates with improved daily functioning and reduced confusion in clients, while distancing behaviors (not smiling, looking away) are perceived negatively and linked to adverse cognitive and physical outcomes. The research highlights that clients’ perceptions of therapists’ warmth and empathy influence their experiences, suggesting that nonverbal cues play a crucial role in effective patient-provider communication. Further exploration of the dynamic between therapist and client behaviors is recommended.

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38
Q

What 4 factors did the study

O’Keefe: What Influences Patient-Therapist
Interactions in Musculoskeletal
Physical Therapy? Qualitative
Systematic Review and Meta-Synthesis

look at?

A
  1. interpersonal communication
  2. Practical skills
  3. Individualized patient centered care
  4. Organizational/environmental factors (like timing of appointments)

Conclusion: improving these factors could enhance treatment outcomes and patient satisfaction.

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38
Q

What part of the brain does emotional empathy?

Cognitive empathy?

Reflexive empathy?

A

Limbic system

prefrontal cortex

premotor area

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39
Q

What are the 3 types of triggers

A

Truth- Related to the feedback itself
We feel it’s wrong, helpful, unreasonable, misguided

Relationship- Related to the person giving the feedback (we feel they aren’t credible)

Identity- Related to us, the person receiving the feedback

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40
Q

What does Medicare part A and Medicare part B cover?

A

A- Acute, Inpatient, Hospice, Home Health, SNF

B- Outpatient. (Part B will not pay for student PT services)

41
Q

Is Group a timed or untimed code?

A

Untimed

42
Q

Will Medicaid pay for student physical therapy treatments?

A

Medicade will not pay for student physical therapy services unless a DPT is directly involved

43
Q

2 questions to screen for depression

A

“Over the past two weeks, have you ever felt down, depressed, or hopeless?”
“Have you felt little interest or pleasure in doing things?”

44
Q

microaggressions

A

“You are (insert adjective) for a (group).”

Acting/verbalizing surprise that someone of a particular group is good or bad at a skill

Clutching purse/possessions or moving away when encountering a person of color

Asking a person “where are you from/really from?” or “What are you?”

Not trying to learn someone’s name/making fun of their name

“You don’t seem like…..”

Commenting on and/or touching hair, clothing, etc. without permission

45
Q

What are the different “roles” in each scenario

A

Initiator
Subject
Observer - either ally or bystander

46
Q

gibbs reflective cycle

A

Description -> Feelings -> Evaluation -> Conclusions -> Action

47
Q

What is “Swing” when accepting feedback

A

how long does it take you to come back to neutral state after getting positive or negative feedback

48
Q

Low complexity eval

A

20 mins face to face, addressing 1-2 things

49
Q

Medium complexity eval:

A

30 mins face to face

1-2 personal factors

3 medical conditions to address

50
Q

High complexity eval:

A

45 mins face to face

3 or more personal factors

4+ conditions to address

51
Q

Does a high complexity eval pay more than a low complexity eval?

A

no, they pay the same

52
Q

What codes are untimed?

A

Hotpack

Traction

Electrical stim

Group

53
Q

What are the steps to motivational interviewing

A

Engaging -> Focusing -> Evoking -> Planning

54
Q

What is “engaging”

A

Explore beliefs and values

open ended questions

listening

55
Q

What is focusing

A

you and your client agree to go on a trip, in the focus process you clarify where you are going

exchanging information

56
Q

What is “Evoking”

A

commitment, preparation, establish a desire in the person to change

“How would you like your life to be different”

“What would you like to accomplish in therapy”

57
Q

What is “Planning”

A

Establishing more specific goals

“what is one thing you can do right away to change?”

“What do you need to help you change?”

58
Q

What are the 8 guiding principles of professionalism

A

Identity
Quality
Collaboration
Value
Innovation
Consumer-centricity
Access/Equity
Advocacy

59
Q

Living will

A

The living will is a legal document used to state certain future health care decisions when a person becomes unable to make the decisions on their own

-includes DNR

60
Q

What is a Medical power of attorney

A

An individual names another person to make healthcare related decisions

Must be certified by a physician

Is revoked if the person becomes able to make decisions

61
Q

What is a DNR?

A

Do Not Resuscitate Order

No life saving measures will be taken

62
Q

Palliative care:

A

Resource for anyone living with a serious illness

Helpful at any stage of illness, but best to start right after diagnosis

Goal is to make the patient as comfortable as possible (physically, emotionally, spiritually, and practically)

Is not dependent upon prognosis

May be provided in the hospital, nursing home, outpatient clinics, or at home

63
Q

Hospice care

A

Used when a person with a terminal illness
wants to stop medical treatments or would no longer benefit from them

is expected to live 6 months or less

PT not covered by insurance in hospice

64
Q

Professional ethics vs practice act

A

practice act- governed by state law

Professional Ethics: governed by
professional organizations; PT Codes
requires that clinicians practice legally

You may be able to practice legally
without being ethical because
ethical standards often exceed
legal standards.

65
Q

Executive Council of Physical Therapy
and Occupational Therapy Examiners
(ECPTOTE)

vs

The Federation of State Boards of
Physical Therapy (FSBPT)

A

(FSBPT)- Develops national PT exam, provides continuing Ed

(ECPTOTE)- Independent administrative state
agency tasked with overseeing
functions of PT and OT Boards

Individual PT & OT Boards licenses,
regulates and enforces practice of
physical therapy in Texas.

66
Q

how to improve empathy:

A

reading fiction is shown to improve empathy

“work empathy like a muscle”

67
Q

What are the 3 types of difficulty conversations?

A

“What happened”

Identity conversation

Feeling conversation

68
Q

Skilled vs unskilled therapy examples

A

Unskilled: Anything a tech can do, take someone through 2 sets of 10 bridges

Skilled: anything with graded assistance levels or gait training

69
Q

core values of PT and PTA

A

Accountability
 Altruism
 Collaboration
 Compassion/Caring
 Duty
 Excellence
 Inclusion
 Integrity
 Social responsibility

70
Q

How to use the RIPS model for ethical decision making

A

R- Realms (look at problem from: Organizational, Societal, and Personal perspective)

IP- Individual process (Determine what we need to do as an individual to make a decision: Example: use moral courage)

S- Situation (Determine the type of ethical scenario you are facing)

71
Q

Kubler Ross stages of grief

A

Denial

Anger

Depression

Bargaining

Acceptance

72
Q

Where to discharge: A patient w high medical complexity (not medically stable) and a variable functional prognosis. Pt is not safe to go home

A

LTAC

73
Q

Where to discharge: A patient with moderate medical complexity who is not safe to go home, pt has moderate functional prognosis

A

SNF

74
Q

Where to discharge: Pt who is not safe to go home but is medically stable and can actively participate in 3 hours of therapy

A

inpatient rehab

75
Q

Group that is comfortable with touch

A

Cajuns

76
Q

Group that is against blood transfusions

A

Jehovah Witnesses

77
Q

Group that believes men should not shave beard

A

Islamic

78
Q

Group where important decisions are made by entire family but men make the final decision

A

Islamic

79
Q

Group that believes that illness is a test from god

A

Islamic

80
Q

Group that believes that maintaining life overrides religious views (can do any medical procedure that’s necessary)

A

Judaism

81
Q

Group that waits 6 hours between eating dairy and meat

A

Judaism

82
Q

Group that believes in no driving cars unless it’s a medical emergency

A

Orthodox Judaism

and Amish (simply dont drive even in emergency)

83
Q

Group that only makes eye contact in one on one interactions

A

Amish

84
Q

Group that views death as very private, may not show emotion

A

Amish

85
Q

Group who’s education is until the 8th grade level

A

Amish

86
Q

Group who’s funerals are held 3 days after death

A

Amish

87
Q

active acceptance of the responsibility for the diverse roles, obligations, and actions of the physical therapist

A

accountability

88
Q

primary regard for or devotion to the interest of
patients and clients, thus assuming the responsibility of
placing the needs of patients and clients ahead of the physical therapist’s

A

Altruism

89
Q

working together with patients and clients, families, communities, and professionals in health and other fields to achieve shared goals.

A

Collaboration

90
Q

desire to identify with or sense something of
another’s experience, a precursor of caring.

A

Compassion/caring

91
Q

commitment to meeting one’s obligations to
provide effective physical therapist services to
patients and clients, to serve the profession,
and to positively influence the health of society.

A

Duty

92
Q

provision of physical therapist services occurs when the physical therapist and physical therapist assistant consistently use current knowledge and skills while
understanding personal limits, integrate the patient or client perspective, embrace advancement, and challenge mediocrity.

A

Excellence

93
Q

occurs when the PT and PTA create a welcoming and equitable environment for all. PTs and PTAs are inclusive when they commit to providing a safe space, elevating diverse and minority voices, acknowledging personal biases that may impact patient care and taking a position of anti-discrimination.

A

Inclusion

94
Q

steadfast adherence to high ethical principles
or standards, being truthful, ensuring fairness,
following through on commitments, and
verbalizing to others the rationale for actions.

A

Integrity

95
Q

promotion of a mutual trust between the
profession and the larger public that
necessitates responding to societal needs for health and wellness.

A

Social Responsibility

96
Q

What are the 5 steps to difficult conversations

A

Sense making- what happened?

Validation - listening and affirming other persons perspective

Permission- ask to share your perspective

Assess- assess their response

Affirm

97
Q

Pity vs sympathy vs empathy vs compassion

A

Pity - I acknowledge your suffering

Sympathy - I care about your suffering

Empathy- I feel your suffering

Compassion - I want to relieve your suffering

98
Q

What does SMART stand for?

A

o SPECIFIC
o MEASURABLE
o ACHIEVEABLE
o RELEVANT
o TIME-BOUND

99
Q

Under medicare at a hospital, Students must be under ________ supervision

in a skilled nursing facility students need ______ supervision

A

General supervision

Line of sight supervision

Practice Management (7 decks)

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