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BIOL 3721 > Final Exam Review > Flashcards

Final Exam Review Flashcards

1
Q

A point mutation within which of the following functional divisions of DNA would be most likely to cause a sequence which codes for a different protein than initially intended?
a. exon
b. transposon
c. intron
d. telomere

A

a. exon

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2
Q

Which of the following correctly describes a tester strain?
a. recessive
b. homoygous
c. heterozygous
d. a and b
e. a and c

A

d. a and b

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3
Q

A nonviable offspring of a usually diploid organism became triploid due to what event?
a. nondisjunction; telophase
b. insertion; anaphase
c. frameshift; metaphase
d. nondisjunction; anaphase

A

d. nondisjuntion; anaphase

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4
Q

In which direction(s) do DNA polymerase an reverse transcriptase catalyze the synthesis of DNA?
a. 3’ to 5’
b. 5’ to 3’
c. both 3’ to 5’ and 5’ to 3’
d. they do not catalyze synthesis of DNA in the same direction

A

b. 5’ to 3’

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5
Q

According to Chargaff’s rule, which of the following is true?
a. DNA is double stranded
b. DNA has a double helix shape
c. DNA has transformative properties
d. DNA has equal or nearly equal content of A:T and G:C
e. DNA has hereditary material

A

d. DNA has equal or nearly equal content of A:T and G:C

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6
Q

A student is examining the genes of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondrial genome and must perform a PCR reaction. Which does not describe a component of this reaction?
a. it amplifies the quantity of DNA originally present
b. it uses an RNA primer
c. it uses nuleotide triphosphates such as adenosine triphophate
d. DNA denatures at 95 degrees centigrade
e. all of the above are true

A

c. it uses nuleotide triphosphates such as adenosine triphophate

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7
Q

Which of the following inaccurately describes Hersheys and Chases experiment?
a. the names of the scientists are Martha and Alfred
b. radioactively tagged phosphorus and sulfur atoms were added to bacteriophages to analyze whether proteins or nucleic acids were hereditary
c. phosphorus is located within proteins due to their presence in Histidine (an essential amino acid which forms diphosphate bridges)
d. they found that DNA was the hereditary material
e. all of the above

A

c. phosphorus is located within proteins due to their presence in Histidine (an essential amino acid which forms diphosphate bridges)

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8
Q

Of the following experiments, which resulted in the finding of information regarding DNA?
a. Hershey and Chase
b. Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty
c. Watson, Crick, Franklin, and Wilkins
d. Griffiths
e. all found properties of DNA

A

e. all found properties of DNA

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9
Q

Which of the following if true of repair mechanisms of DNA?
a. non-homologous end joining is more effective than homologous end joining
b. DNA damage caused by UV light is not capable of being repaired
c. exonuclease activity significantly reduces the quantity of errors found during replication
d. DNA polymerase I is the only enzyme capable of repair
e. none of the above

A

c. exonuclease activity significantly reduces the quantity of errors found during replication

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10
Q

What type of mutation would cause all subsequent codons to be off by one base?
a. frameshift
b. missense
c. nonsense
d. point
e. duplication

A

a. frameshift

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11
Q

Which of the following best describes the bond between the nitrogenous base and the ribose sugar of a nucleotide?
a. glycosidic
b. phosphodiester
c. disulfide
d. ether
e. peptidoglycan

A

a. glycosidic

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12
Q

Which of the following best describes the molecule which contains a 2’ OH and a phosphate group?
a. deoxyribonucleotide
b. deoxyribosenucleoside
c. ribonucleotide
d. ribonucleoside

A

c. ribonucleotide

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13
Q

Which of the following is a potential cause of cancer?
a. mutation of a tumor suppressor in both chromosomes
b. mutation of a protooncogene
c. inherited cancer
d. a and b
e. all of the above

A

e. all of the above

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14
Q

Which of the following would not describe a base substitution resulting in a premature stop codon?
a. point mutation
b. frameshift mutation
c. null/amorphic
d. nonsense mutation

A

a. point mutation

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15
Q

Of the following mutations, which is most likely to cause a completely nonfunctional protein?
a. frameshift
b. silent
c. missense
d. point
e. all of the above

A

a. frameshift

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16
Q

Cot curves measure
a. the Tm of a protein
b. the Tm of DNA
c. the re-association of DNA
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

A

c. the re-association of DNA

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17
Q

Which of the following apply to Z-DNA?
a. it is left-handed
b. it forms in A:T rich regions
c. it has 10 bases per turn instead of 11
d. it forms under low salt concentrations
e. all of the above

A

a. it is left-handed

18
Q

Which of the following best describes a consequence of telomerase?
a. aging
b. tumor formation
c. lessen the life span of cells
d. counteract the effect of p53 and Ras
e. both b and d

A

b. tumor formation

19
Q

Telomerase activity is found in the telomeres of what cells?
a. muscle cells
b. sperm cells
c. nerve cells
d. somatic cells
e. skin cells

A

b. sperm cells

20
Q

Briefly cuts DNA to relieve torsional strain caused by replication?

A

topoisomerase

21
Q

Fixes the cut made by topoisomerase?

A

ligase

22
Q

Separates DNA strands for replication?

A

helicase

23
Q

Synthesizes DNA?

A

DNA polymerase III

24
Q

Performs primary exonuclease activity?

A

DNA polymerase I

25
Q

Keeps the strands of DNA separated briefly?

A

single stranded binding protein

26
Q

Contain beta-sliding clamps?

A

DNA polymerase III

27
Q

Which of the following describes a primary difference between replication and transcription?
a. DNA polymerase is used during transcription and RNA polymerase is used during replication
b. the product of replication is DNA and the product of transcription is a tRNA
c. transcription has fewer exonuclease enzymes than replication
d. replication does not have initiation. elongation, and termination steps
e. all of the above
f. none of the above

A

c. transcription has fewer exonuclease enzymes than replication

28
Q

Which of the following best describes the region which recognizes the beginning of transcription?
a. promoter
b. terminator
c. the first 10 base pairs of the transcribed sequence
d. the first 15 base pairs of the transcribed sequence
e. a and c above
f. a and d above

A

e. a and c above

29
Q

The aminoacyl site of ribosomes contains which of the following nucleic acids?
a. rRNA
b. tRNA
c. DNA
d. mRNA
e. a and b

A

e. a and b

30
Q

A change from the codon AAG to UAG would be which of the following mutations?
a. point
b. missense
c. nonsense
d. a and c
e. all of the above

A

d. a and c

31
Q

AUG codes for what amino acid?
a. arginine
b. STOP
c. methionine
d. cytesine
e. lysine

A

c. methionine

32
Q

During translation, amino acids are added to what part of the polypeptide?
a. N-terminus
b. C-terminus
c. disulfide bridge
d. phosphodiester bond
e. promoter regions

A

b. C-terminus

33
Q

During the initiation phase, what occurs?
a. ribosome binds to the Shine-Dalgarno box
b. ribosome binds to AUG
c. fMet-tRNA binds to the P site
d. the large and small ribosomal subunits bind
e. all of the above

A

e. all of the above

34
Q

Benzer used what type of phages in his experiment?
a. bacteriophages
b. T4 phages
c. T2 phages
d. phage T4 mutants

A

d. phage T4 mutants

35
Q

Lysate serves what function?
a. release of infectious material from cell
b. Hfr conjugation
c. enzymatic reactions of phage replication
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

A

a. release of infectious material from cell

36
Q

cDNA libraries consist of?
a. mRNA compliments
b. entire genome
c. entire exome
d. all of the above
e. a and C

A

e. a and c

37
Q

What do kinetochore proteins do?
a. hold a chromosome together
b. help chromosomes move
c. help DNA move along a chromosome
d. help genes move along a chromosome

A

b. help chromosomes move

38
Q

Transduction involves which of the following?
a. Hfr conjugation
b. sex pillus
c. bacteriophages
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

A

c. bacteriophages

39
Q

Gel electrophoresis usually involves which material?
a. lysate
b. agarose
c. ethidium bromate
d. potassium chloride
e. agar

A

b. agarose

40
Q

Which of the following is not a core histone?
a. H1
b. H2A
c. H2B
d. H3
e. H4

A

a. H1

41
Q

Which of the following is a commonly used restriction enzyme?
a. H1
b. EcoR1
c. hexokinase
d. all of the above
e. a and b

A

b. EcoR1

BIOL 3721 (18 decks)

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