Final Exam Review

Question 1

A point mutation within which of the following functional divisions of DNA would be most likely to cause a sequence which codes for a different protein than initially intended?
a. exon
b. transposon
c. intron
d. telomere

Answer 1

a. exon

Question 2

Which of the following correctly describes a tester strain?
a. recessive
b. homoygous
c. heterozygous
d. a and b
e. a and c

Answer 2

d. a and b

Question 3

A nonviable offspring of a usually diploid organism became triploid due to what event?
a. nondisjunction; telophase
b. insertion; anaphase
c. frameshift; metaphase
d. nondisjunction; anaphase

Answer 3

d. nondisjuntion; anaphase

Question 4

In which direction(s) do DNA polymerase an reverse transcriptase catalyze the synthesis of DNA?
a. 3’ to 5’
b. 5’ to 3’
c. both 3’ to 5’ and 5’ to 3’
d. they do not catalyze synthesis of DNA in the same direction

Answer 4

b. 5’ to 3’

Question 5

According to Chargaff’s rule, which of the following is true?
a. DNA is double stranded
b. DNA has a double helix shape
c. DNA has transformative properties
d. DNA has equal or nearly equal content of A:T and G:C
e. DNA has hereditary material

Answer 5

d. DNA has equal or nearly equal content of A:T and G:C

Question 6

A student is examining the genes of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondrial genome and must perform a PCR reaction. Which does not describe a component of this reaction?
a. it amplifies the quantity of DNA originally present
b. it uses an RNA primer
c. it uses nuleotide triphosphates such as adenosine triphophate
d. DNA denatures at 95 degrees centigrade
e. all of the above are true

Answer 6

c. it uses nuleotide triphosphates such as adenosine triphophate

Question 7

Which of the following inaccurately describes Hersheys and Chases experiment?
a. the names of the scientists are Martha and Alfred
b. radioactively tagged phosphorus and sulfur atoms were added to bacteriophages to analyze whether proteins or nucleic acids were hereditary
c. phosphorus is located within proteins due to their presence in Histidine (an essential amino acid which forms diphosphate bridges)
d. they found that DNA was the hereditary material
e. all of the above

Answer 7

c. phosphorus is located within proteins due to their presence in Histidine (an essential amino acid which forms diphosphate bridges)

Question 8

Of the following experiments, which resulted in the finding of information regarding DNA?
a. Hershey and Chase
b. Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty
c. Watson, Crick, Franklin, and Wilkins
d. Griffiths
e. all found properties of DNA

Answer 8

e. all found properties of DNA

Question 9

Which of the following if true of repair mechanisms of DNA?
a. non-homologous end joining is more effective than homologous end joining
b. DNA damage caused by UV light is not capable of being repaired
c. exonuclease activity significantly reduces the quantity of errors found during replication
d. DNA polymerase I is the only enzyme capable of repair
e. none of the above

Answer 9

c. exonuclease activity significantly reduces the quantity of errors found during replication

Question 10

What type of mutation would cause all subsequent codons to be off by one base?
a. frameshift
b. missense
c. nonsense
d. point
e. duplication

Answer 10

a. frameshift

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the bond between the nitrogenous base and the ribose sugar of a nucleotide?
a. glycosidic
b. phosphodiester
c. disulfide
d. ether
e. peptidoglycan

Answer 11

a. glycosidic

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the molecule which contains a 2’ OH and a phosphate group?
a. deoxyribonucleotide
b. deoxyribosenucleoside
c. ribonucleotide
d. ribonucleoside

Answer 12

c. ribonucleotide

Question 13

Which of the following is a potential cause of cancer?
a. mutation of a tumor suppressor in both chromosomes
b. mutation of a protooncogene
c. inherited cancer
d. a and b
e. all of the above

Answer 13

e. all of the above

Question 14

Which of the following would not describe a base substitution resulting in a premature stop codon?
a. point mutation
b. frameshift mutation
c. null/amorphic
d. nonsense mutation

Answer 14

a. point mutation

Question 15

Of the following mutations, which is most likely to cause a completely nonfunctional protein?
a. frameshift
b. silent
c. missense
d. point
e. all of the above

Answer 15

a. frameshift

Question 16

Cot curves measure
a. the Tm of a protein
b. the Tm of DNA
c. the re-association of DNA
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

Answer 16

c. the re-association of DNA

Question 17

Which of the following apply to Z-DNA?
a. it is left-handed
b. it forms in A:T rich regions
c. it has 10 bases per turn instead of 11
d. it forms under low salt concentrations
e. all of the above

Answer 17

a. it is left-handed

Question 18

Which of the following best describes a consequence of telomerase?
a. aging
b. tumor formation
c. lessen the life span of cells
d. counteract the effect of p53 and Ras
e. both b and d

Answer 18

b. tumor formation

Question 19

Telomerase activity is found in the telomeres of what cells?
a. muscle cells
b. sperm cells
c. nerve cells
d. somatic cells
e. skin cells

Answer 19

b. sperm cells

Question 20

Briefly cuts DNA to relieve torsional strain caused by replication?

Answer 20

topoisomerase

Question 21

Fixes the cut made by topoisomerase?

Answer 21

ligase

Question 22

Separates DNA strands for replication?

Answer 22

helicase

Question 23

Synthesizes DNA?

Answer 23

DNA polymerase III

Question 24

Performs primary exonuclease activity?

Answer 24

DNA polymerase I

Question 25

Keeps the strands of DNA separated briefly?

Answer 25

single stranded binding protein

Question 26

Contain beta-sliding clamps?

Answer 26

DNA polymerase III

Question 27

Which of the following describes a primary difference between replication and transcription?
a. DNA polymerase is used during transcription and RNA polymerase is used during replication
b. the product of replication is DNA and the product of transcription is a tRNA
c. transcription has fewer exonuclease enzymes than replication
d. replication does not have initiation. elongation, and termination steps
e. all of the above
f. none of the above

Answer 27

c. transcription has fewer exonuclease enzymes than replication

Question 28

Which of the following best describes the region which recognizes the beginning of transcription?
a. promoter
b. terminator
c. the first 10 base pairs of the transcribed sequence
d. the first 15 base pairs of the transcribed sequence
e. a and c above
f. a and d above

Answer 28

e. a and c above

Question 29

The aminoacyl site of ribosomes contains which of the following nucleic acids?
a. rRNA
b. tRNA
c. DNA
d. mRNA
e. a and b

Answer 29

e. a and b

Question 30

A change from the codon AAG to UAG would be which of the following mutations?
a. point
b. missense
c. nonsense
d. a and c
e. all of the above

Answer 30

d. a and c

Question 31

AUG codes for what amino acid?
a. arginine
b. STOP
c. methionine
d. cytesine
e. lysine

Answer 31

c. methionine

Question 32

During translation, amino acids are added to what part of the polypeptide?
a. N-terminus
b. C-terminus
c. disulfide bridge
d. phosphodiester bond
e. promoter regions

Answer 32

b. C-terminus

Question 33

During the initiation phase, what occurs?
a. ribosome binds to the Shine-Dalgarno box
b. ribosome binds to AUG
c. fMet-tRNA binds to the P site
d. the large and small ribosomal subunits bind
e. all of the above

Answer 33

e. all of the above

Question 34

Benzer used what type of phages in his experiment?
a. bacteriophages
b. T4 phages
c. T2 phages
d. phage T4 mutants

Answer 34

d. phage T4 mutants

Question 35

Lysate serves what function?
a. release of infectious material from cell
b. Hfr conjugation
c. enzymatic reactions of phage replication
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

Answer 35

a. release of infectious material from cell

Question 36

cDNA libraries consist of?
a. mRNA compliments
b. entire genome
c. entire exome
d. all of the above
e. a and C

Answer 36

e. a and c

Question 37

What do kinetochore proteins do?
a. hold a chromosome together
b. help chromosomes move
c. help DNA move along a chromosome
d. help genes move along a chromosome

Answer 37

b. help chromosomes move

Question 38

Transduction involves which of the following?
a. Hfr conjugation
b. sex pillus
c. bacteriophages
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

Answer 38

c. bacteriophages

Question 39

Gel electrophoresis usually involves which material?
a. lysate
b. agarose
c. ethidium bromate
d. potassium chloride
e. agar

Answer 39

b. agarose

Question 40

Which of the following is not a core histone?
a. H1
b. H2A
c. H2B
d. H3
e. H4

Answer 40

a. H1

Question 41

Which of the following is a commonly used restriction enzyme?
a. H1
b. EcoR1
c. hexokinase
d. all of the above
e. a and b

Answer 41

b. EcoR1