Chapter 9 Terms

Question 1

a group of three mRNA bases signifying one amino acid

Answer 1

codon

Question 2

the sequence of amino acids in the protein corresponds to the sequence of base pairs in the gene

Answer 2

colinearity

Question 3

the grouping of mRNA bases in threes to be read as codons

Answer 3

reading frame

Question 4

addition or deletion of a number of base pairs other than three into the coding sequence

Answer 4

frameshift mutation

Question 5

most amino acids are not specified by a single codon

Answer 5

degeneracy of the genetic code

Question 6

UAA, UGA, UAG

Answer 6

nonsense codon

Question 7

AUG in a particular context

Answer 7

initiation codon

Question 8

the DNA strand complementary to the primary transcript

Answer 8

template strand

Question 9

the DNA strand with the same base sequence as the primary transcript

Answer 9

RNA-like strand

Question 10

a sequence of base pairs within a gene that is not represented by any bases in the mature mRNA

Answer 10

intron

Question 11

removing introns from the primary transcript

Answer 11

RNA splicing

Question 12

using the information in the base sequence of a DNA strand to specify the base sequence of an RNA strand

Answer 12

transcription

Question 13

using the information encoded in the base sequence of an mRNA to specify the amino sequence of a polypeptide

Answer 13

translation

Question 14

produces different mature mRNAs from the same primary transcript

Answer 14

alternative splicing

Question 15

a tRNA with the appropriate amino acid attached

Answer 15

charged tRNA

Question 16

copying RNA into DNA

Answer 16

reverse transcription

Question 17

two mutations affecting the same amino acid can recombine to give wild-type

Answer 17

existence of an intermediate messenger between DNA and protein

Question 18

single base substitutions affect only one amino acid in the protein chain

Answer 18

the genetic code is nonoverlapping

Question 19

two mutations affecting the same amino acid can recombine to give wild type

Answer 19

the codon is more than one nucleotide