FINAL EXAM (racism and racialization)

Question 1

what is racism?

Answer 1

• ideas, beliefs, images, which creates a hierarchy of difference.
• the belief in the superiority of one race over another.
• prejudice, discrimination

Question 2

what is racialization?

Answer 2

-process where certain groups of people are singled out and treated differently on the basis of real or imagined physical characteristics.

Question 3

what does racism and racialization create?

Answer 3

RACIALIZED BODIES/STEREOTYPES.
-myths of different dangerous stereotypes that are often untrue (black men are dangerous, native people are drunks, etc.)

Question 4

talk of racial identity rarely includes _____ as a race.

Answer 4

WHITES.

-this creates a ‘norm’, white is seen as okay and other races are now classified as, ‘other’.

Question 5

what is the ‘normative gaze’?

Answer 5

• christian culture, european culture/theology is ‘normal’.
• the ideals of beauty and the facts of white supremacy.
• the ideals of beauty are rooted in plainness, symmetry and what eventually came to be considered “normal.” (white).
• this idea of normality through art and literature goes beyond just the proportion of body and structure of face.

Question 6

what is phrenology?

Answer 6

size, shape, and skull characteristics

Question 7

what is physiognomy?

Answer 7

facial features.

Question 8

faces revealed what?

Answer 8

a criminal character that MIGHT lead to a behaviour.

Question 9

what did lavater do?

Answer 9

• created facial typology.
• introduced the idea that facial features (physiognomy) related to the specific character traits of individuals, rather than general types

Question 10

citizens were told face is _________

Answer 10

A TYPE OF PERSON.

Question 11

often would associate a facial type with _______

Answer 11

A CRIME, this further stigmatized people.

Question 12

what are 3 stereotypes for how we view indigenous peoples?

Answer 12

1) indian princess
2) native warrior
3) nobel savage

Question 13

what is an indian princess?

Answer 13

• dark-skinned beauty
• drawn to white newcomer to SAVE and CIVILIZE her people
• pocahontas

Question 14

what is a native warrior?

Answer 14

• fierce
• bare-chested warrior threatens white society
• to save society he must be civilized or eliminated

Question 15

what is a nobel savage?

Answer 15

• deeply tied to ‘the land’
• a deeply moral figure
• endowed with special wisdom
• ‘child of nature’
• a product/steward to nature