FINAL EXAM (cultural terms) Flashcards
what are cultural universals?
globally-shared cultural practices.
what is culture-shock?
confusion, disruption when encountering a new culture.
what is ethnocentrism?
judging culture by applying another culture’s norms (ex. my culture is better than yours)
what is cultural relativism?
a person’s beliefs, values, and practices should be understood based on their own culture not be judged against the criteria of mine.
what is cultural imperialism?
- the process and practice of promoting one culture over another (ex. colonization)
- one nation overpowers another country
what is dominant culture?
cultural practice that is dominant within a society.
(ex. language, religion/ritual, social value and/or social custom)
- these features are often a norm for an entire society
- heteronormative culture maintains heterosexual as normal
what is counter culture?
subculture whose values and norms of behavior differ substantially from those of mainstream society
what is high and low culture?
high culture: opera, classical music, fine art, gourmet foods.
low culture: popular music, tattoos, porn, comic books.
what is cultural capital?
the accumulation of knowledge/behaviors/skills that one can tap into to demonstrate one’s cultural competence, and social status/standing in society.
what is cultural production?
creating MATERIAL (tangible) objects, food, clothes and NON MATERIAL (intangible) symbols, beliefs, customs, behaviours.
what is cooperation needed for?
for social interaction, creating shared values and norms.
what are 3 things that goals do?
1) become something worthy of achieving
2) reinforce social norms
3) become internalized through socialization
goals are more ______ than values.
TANGIBLE
goals and values are _______.
INTERRELATED.
- achieving a goal often reflects a value.
- goals are often provided by values.
goals provide ______.
GUIDANCE.
-get a good job, be fit, a good parent, follow tradition, etc.
a _______ is something we culturally value.
VALUE. ex- we value education, honesty, bravery, owning a home, etc.
what is conflict in values?
- substantive (task) and emotional (relationship).
- career success AND family time.
when does culture conflict occur?
when one culture’s values clash with another.
norms are _____/______ & ______/______.
VISIBLE/INVISIBLE & FORMAL/INFORMAL.
what do norms do in social interactions?
structure social interactions. this means culture is normative (what is right and wrong, desirable or undesirable, just or unjust)
what do norms do? (3 things)
1) REDUCE social conflicts/disruptions.
2) regulate internally/externally.
3) create disciplined and disciplining social actors.
we’re rewarded for ‘being normal’ internally and externally by: (2 reasons)
1) experiencing internal pleasure by ‘doing the right thing’
2) experiencing external affirmation (approval of others)
we’re disciplined for ‘being abnormal’ internally/externally by: (2 reasons)
1) experiencing internal guilt/shame.
2) experiencing external sanctions (getting dirty looks, social exclusion)
what are the 4 fundamental freedoms that everyone has in canada? (canadian charter of rights and freedoms)
1) freedom of conscience and religion
2) freedom of though, belief, opinion, expression
3) freedom of peaceful assembly
4) freedom of association
what is culture?
culture consists of the values, beliefs, language/communication, and practices that people share in common and can be used to define them as a collective.
how do children learn truths?
through socialization through family, peers, school, elders.
what do truths provide? (2 things)
1) framework to understand reality, stability, and solidarity.
2) action steps to solve problems, justify actions/rationales for work and social interactions.
what do truths do?
the organize the world, guiding social, political, sexual, economic, and spiritual interactions.
