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Advanced Nutrition > Final Exam- Quizzes > Flashcards

Final Exam- Quizzes Flashcards

1
Q

A function of hydrochloric acid in gastric juice during protein digestion is to:

A

denature the quaternary, tertiary, and secondary structures of protein

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2
Q

Choose the correct order of enzyme activities in protein digestion.

A

pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase

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3
Q

In general, most amino acids are absorbed from the:

A

duodenum and jejunum

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4
Q

The term for an amino acid that carries both a positive and negative charge (dipolar) which then makes a net charge of 0 (neutral) is:

A

Zwitterion

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5
Q

Enzymes

A

catalysts that change the rate of reactions occurring in the body

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6
Q

Hormones

A

chemical messengers secreted by endocrine tissue and transported to target organs where they regulate metabolic processes

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7
Q

Structural proteins

A

fibrous and contractile proteins found in bone, teeth, skin, muscles, blood vessels and hair

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8
Q

Immunoproteins

A

bind to antigens and inactivates them or causes them to be destroyed

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9
Q

Transport proteins

A

combine with nutrients and regulate their circulation and their flow into and out of cells

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10
Q

T/F: Dietary proteins must be completely hydrolyzed to free amino acids, because only free amino acids are absorbed by the enterocyte.

A

False

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11
Q

T/F: Cardiovascular disease risk is not impacted by replacing fat in the diet with refined carbohydrates (according to the study presented in class).

A

False

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12
Q

T/F: Urinary ketosis is a good method of measuring compliance to a ketogenic diet (according to the study presented in class).

A

True

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13
Q

What is the primary mechanism for regulation of amino acids in excess of need for synthesis of protein, providing about 50% of the liver energy needs after a meal?​

A

Oxidation

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14
Q

Which organ serves as the primary site of amino acid metabolism?​

A

Liver

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15
Q

The branched-chain amino acids found in the systemic circulation include:

A

valine, leucine, isoleucine

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16
Q

Amino acids that are metabolized mostly in skeletal muscles are those with side chains ____.

A

that are branched

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17
Q

When the amino group has been removed from an amino acid, the carbon skeleton or α-keto acid may be used in many different ways. Which of the following is NOT a possible fate for the carbon skeleton?

A

synthesis of creatine

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18
Q

An intracellular deficiency of protease will interfere with ____.​

A

Protein degradation

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19
Q

Which two substances promote amino acid degradation?​

A

glucocorticoids and glucagon

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20
Q

T/F: mTOR is a large protein kinase that opposes the effects of insulin (i.e. down-regulates protein synthesis).

A

False

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21
Q

T/F: Skeletal muscle cells can breakdown glycogen to glucose for fuel AND release glucose into the bloodstream.

A

False

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22
Q

T/F: Both methods of protein degradation require energy (ATP).

A

False

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23
Q

Calculate the protein needs for a non-vegetarian strength athlete (male) who is 6’2, 210 lbs. (show your calculations).

A

1.2-1.7g/kg = 114.5-162 grams of protein.

24
Q

Which has the fastest absorption rate?

A

Beef protein

25
Q

Why is it important to incorporate both slow and fast proteins in your diet?

A

Amino acids released following ingestion and digestion of fast proteins appear to be utilized differently in the body when compared with amino acids released following ingestion and digestion of slow proteins. Ingestion of fast proteins better stimulates muscle protein and whole-body protein synthesis than slow proteins both at rest and following resistance exercise. Ingestion of foods providing slow proteins is important as the lower and more prolonged plasma amino acid concentrations that result from ingestion of these proteins help reduce protein breakdown.

26
Q

_____ is the protein quality measurement that is used for calculating the % Daily Value on Nutrition Facts Labels.

A

PDCAAS

protein digestibility corrected amino acid score

27
Q

T/F: Kwashiorkor results from a deficiency in protein and total energy.

A

False

28
Q

Which substance can improve calcium absorption?

A

Lactose

29
Q

Which hormone both increases release of bone phosphorus into the blood and promotes urinary excretion of phosphorus?​

A

PTH

30
Q

The active form of vitamin D in the body is:

A

Calcitriol

31
Q

T/F: Meats and grains are poor sources of calcium.

A

True

32
Q

T/F: Regardless of age, the level of calcium absorption is the same.

A

False

33
Q

Calculate the protein needs for a non-vegetarian strength athlete (male) who is 6’2, 210 lbs. (show your calculations).

A

1.2-1.7g/kg = 114.5-162 grams of protein.

34
Q

Which has the fastest absorption rate?

A

Beef protein

35
Q

Why is it important to incorporate both slow and fast proteins in your diet?

A

Ingestion of fast proteins better stimulates muscle protein and whole-body protein synthesis than slow proteins both at rest and following resistance exercise. Ingestion of foods providing slow proteins is important as the lower and more prolonged plasma amino acid concentrations that result from ingestion of these proteins help reduce protein breakdown.

36
Q

_____ is the protein quality measurement that is used for calculating the % Daily Value on Nutrition Facts Labels.

A

PDCAAS

protein digestibility corrected amino acid score

37
Q

T/F: Kwashiorkor results from a deficiency in protein and total energy.

A

False

38
Q

Which substance can improve calcium absorption?

A

Lactose

39
Q

Which hormone both increases release of bone phosphorus into the blood and promotes urinary excretion of phosphorus?​

A

PTH

40
Q

The active form of vitamin D in the body is:

A

Calcitriol

41
Q

T/F: Meats and grains are poor sources of calcium.

A

True

42
Q

T/F: Regardless of age, the level of calcium absorption is the same.

A

False

43
Q

Which of the following are responsible for regulation of extracellular water osmolarity and volume?​

A

Hypothalamus and kidney

44
Q

The most abundant cation in blood plasma is ____.

A

Sodium

45
Q

What is the condition that may result in cardiac arrhythmias when extracellular potassium is increased?

A

Hyperkalemia

46
Q

Colloid osmotic pressure attracts water into the plasma and is mainly due to:

A

Large protein molecules

47
Q

What is a major function of chloride?

A

Maintenance of gastric acidity

48
Q

Which of the following is NOT one of the principal regulatory mechanisms for guarding against fluctuation in pH?

A

Temperature variation

49
Q

_______________ (body water reservoir) is made up of plasma and interstitial fluid.

A

Extracellular fluid

50
Q

Not including physically active adults, the recommended fluid intake for the average adult is approximately _____
mL per kg of body weight. For a 150 pound female, this is equivalent to
____
cups of fluid.

A

25-40

7-11

51
Q

Indicate how the following dietary substances impacts uptake of nonheme iron: Ascorbic Acid

A

Promotes

52
Q

Indicate how the following dietary substances impacts uptake of nonheme iron: low body stores

A

Promotes

53
Q

Indicate how the following dietary substances impacts uptake of nonheme iron: Tea

A

Inhibits

54
Q

Indicate how the following dietary substances impacts uptake of nonheme iron: Calcium

A

Inhibits

55
Q

Indicate how the following dietary substances impacts uptake of nonheme iron: MFP

A

Promotes

Advanced Nutrition (4 decks)

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