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Veterinary Anatomy '13 > Final Exam Questions from Notes in Class > Flashcards

Final Exam Questions from Notes in Class Flashcards

1
Q

Which muscle is attached to the basihyoid bone? What is the function of this muscle?

A

Geniohyoideus - pulls hyoid apparatus rostrally

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2
Q

Function of the sternohyoideus and sternothryoideus?

A

pulls the tongue and larynx caudally, pulls hyoid apparatus back to resting position

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3
Q

What is the main blood supply to the eyeball?

A

External Opthalmic aa.

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4
Q

Nasopharynx

A

Choanae to palatopharyngeal arch

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5
Q

Oropharynx

A

Palatoglossal arch to palatopharyngeal arch (epiglottis)

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6
Q

Laryngopharynx

A

Palatopharyngeal arch to Pharyngeoesophageal limen

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7
Q

Describe the relation of the digestive and respiratory tracts in the pharynx region.

A

Respiratory more dorsal then transitions to more ventral; Digestive more ventral then transitions to more dorsal

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8
Q

What are the boundaries of the oral cavity?

A

palate, lips, buccal wall, muscular floor between mandibles

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9
Q

What is the function of the teeth types?

A

Incisors: Nipping
Canines: Tearing
Premolars: Grinding
Molars: Grinding

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10
Q

What is the main supply to the pelvic cavity?

A

branch of the internal iliac known as the internal pudendal

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11
Q

What is contained within the mesorchium?

A

Testicular artery and vein (pampiniform plexus)

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12
Q

Function of the cremaster muscle?

A

temperature regulation (contraction=warm it up; relaxation=cool it down)

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13
Q

What structures lie in the spermatic cord?

A

vaginal tunic, testicular aa. and vein and nerve, ductus deferens

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14
Q

Function of the tunica dartos mm?

A

(smooth muscle lining the scrotum), contracts=pulls skin of scrotum to body wall works with the cremaster muscle

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15
Q

How do you remove melanomas in anal region?

A

go through ischiorectal fossa without entering pertioneal cavity

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16
Q

Difference between anal sacs and anal glands?

A

Anal sacs are also referred to as the paranal sinus and are covered by external sphincter muscle. The anal glands are microscopic lining the anal sacs

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17
Q

The sciatic nerve comes off which vertebral segments?

A

L6, L7, S1, S2

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18
Q

The lumbosacral plexus comes off which vertebral segments?

A

L3, L4, L5, L6, L7, S1, S2, S3

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19
Q

The lumbosacral trunk comes off which vertebral segments?

A

L6, L7, S1, S2

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20
Q

What does the obturator innervate?

A

the medial muscles of the thigh (Adductors of the pelvic limb)

21
Q

What does the femoral nerve innervate?

A

(extension of the genual joint, flexion of the coxal joint)

22
Q

What does the cranial gluteal nerve innervate?

A

Middle and Deep Gluteal mm.

23
Q

What does the caudal gluteal nerve innervate?

A

Superficial Gluteal mm.

24
Q

What does the sciatic nerve innervate?

A

Caudal muscles of the thigh (extension of coxal joint, variable action of genual joint, flexion and extension of all other joints)

25
Q

What does the tibial nerve innervate?

A

Caudal muscles of the crus

26
Q

What does the common fibular nerve innervate?

A

Cranial lateral muscles of the crus

27
Q

Which veins drain the dorsal and plantar pes?

A

Dorsal pes = cranial branch of the lateral saphenous vein

Plantar pes = caudal branch of the lateral saphenous vein

28
Q

Which penile tissue is responsible for erections?

A

Corpus Spongiosa. The bulb of the penis is part of the corpus spongiosa and as blood passes through the bulb, the male is able to contract this muscle that forces blood down to assist with erection, copulation, etc.

29
Q

The os penis is the distal end of the __ that ossifies.

A

corpus cavernosum

30
Q

The artery of the penis has what branches?

A

Artery of the bulb of the penis, Deep artery of the penis, Dorsal artery of the penis

31
Q

What does the artery of the bulb of the penis supply?

A

corpus spongiosum and bulb of the penis

32
Q

What does the deep artery of the penis supply?

A

corpus cavernosum

33
Q

What does the dorsal artery of the penis supply?

A

glans penis (pars longa glandis and bulbous glandis)

34
Q

What is the main supply to the thigh?

A

femoral aa.

35
Q

What is the main supply in the crus?

A

cranial tibial aa.

36
Q

What is the main supply to the pes?

A

Dorsal pedial aa.

37
Q

What is the main supply at the genual joint?

A

popliteal aa.

38
Q

What muscles form the pelvic diaphragm and complete the pelvic cavity?

A

levator ani and coccygeus mm.

39
Q

Function of the pampiniform plexus?

A

chance for countercurrent exchange to increase surface area to exchange heat from artery to vein to cool arterial blood Temperature Regulation

40
Q

Discuss castration in dogs and cats (pros and cons of open and closed castrations).

A

Don’t cut the scrotum. Just cut through the skin, pull the testicle up through the scrotum, break the spermatic fascia to let the testicle come out.
Closed Castration: PRO-didn’t enter body cavity, prevents peritonitis CON-easy for ductus deferens, testicular aa and v. to slip out
Open Castration: PRO- Tie off little structures with confidence CON- You have opened up your body cavity (which shouldn’t be a problem in a contained surgery) make sure to tie off cremaster muscle as well

CATS:
(1.)cut scrotum, pull testicles until it pulls and breaks CON-hope spermatic cord breaks before dislodging ureter and (2.) can break the ductus deferens and tie a knot between it and the vessels

41
Q

Function of the bulbous glandis?

A

During copulation, the vestibular bulbs in the female enlarge in a medial direction as the glans enters the vagina and the bulbous glandis is past the vestibule, resulting in a locking mechanism

42
Q

How do you fix dislodged ureters?

A

by making a new hole in the bladder and putting the ureter back in at a diagonal angle

43
Q

Is the renal pelvis part of the ureter or the kidney?

A

Ureter

44
Q

Explain the steps for an ovario-historectomy.

A
  1. Cut the suspensory ligament of the ovary
  2. Cut the round ligament of the uterus
  3. Break the mesometrium, mesovarium (the mesosalpinx travels with the ovary so don’t bother)
  4. Tie up the ovarian artery
  5. Transect the uterine artery
  6. Take out the cervix and as much vagina as you can.
45
Q

The __ is the remnant of the gubernaculum in the female that runs down the inguinal canal.

A

Round Ligament of the Uterus

46
Q

What artery supplies the ovary?

A

ovarian aa.

47
Q

What artery supplies the uterine horns?

A

Uterine aa.

48
Q

What artery supplies the vagina?

A

vaginal aa.

Veterinary Anatomy '13 (4 decks)

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