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Systemic Pharmacology > Final Exam Questions > Flashcards

Final Exam Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What are borderline LDL levels?

A

130-160 mg/dL

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2
Q

Which drugs cause diplopia?

A

Atorvastatin, Levothyroxine

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3
Q

Which dyslipidemia therapy causes amnesia?

A

Atorvastatin

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4
Q

Which drug causes pseudo tumor cerebri?

A

Levothyroxine

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5
Q

Which drugs causes pseudo-CME?

A

Atrovastatin & Nicotinic Acid

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6
Q

Which diabetic drug is related to sulfonamide?

A

Glipizide

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7
Q

Which dyslipidemia therapy causes pruitis?

A

Niacin

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8
Q

Which drug causes taxi amblyopia?

A

Niacin

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9
Q

Which drug affects absorption of the Gi epithelium?

A

Ezetimibe

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10
Q

What neurotransmitter is released in enterchromaffin cells?

A

serotonin

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11
Q

What is the route of administration of levothyroxine?

A

oral

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12
Q

Which drug might require the use of Alendronate due to decreased bone density?

A

Canagliflozin (adverse effects of fracture and bone density loss)

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13
Q

Which drugs block HMG CoA reductase?

A

Atrovastatin and Alendronate (at a lower level)

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14
Q

Which drug causes a seizure risk with omega-6 fatty acids?

A

Promethazine

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15
Q

Which drug causes ocular pigmentation?

A

Chlorpromazine

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16
Q

What is the mechanism of Chlorpromazine?

A

D2 antagonism

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17
Q

Which drug causes transient blindness?

A

Ondansetron

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18
Q

Which drug causes oculogyric crisis?

A

Ondansetron

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19
Q

What are the indications for methotrexate?

A

rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and choriocarcinoma

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20
Q

What is the result of an interaction between fish oils and a dyslipidemia drug?

A

increased blood sugar (antagonistic)

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21
Q

Which drug has a risk of bladder cancer?

A

Pioglitazone

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22
Q

What is the relationship between A1c and elevated glucose?

A

linear relationship

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23
Q

What is the leading cause of death in men with cancer?

A

lung cancer

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24
Q

What is the leading cause of death in women with cancer?

A

lung cancer

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25
Q

What is the ratio of osteoporosis caused by age in men vs. women?

A

1:2

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26
Q

What age is DM-1 most likely to be diagnosed at?

A

before 20 years of age

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27
Q

Which drug has a black box warning for opportunistic infection?

A

Methotrexate

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28
Q

Which drug is advertised for weight loss in newly diagnosed DM-2 patients?

A

Metformin

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29
Q

What is the first line of therapy for diabetes?

A

Biguanides

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30
Q

With what drug might Gangcyclovir produce serious adverse effects?

A

dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors

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31
Q

What drug should not be used in patients with infections?

A

Insulin Glargine

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32
Q

What effect does sympathomimetics have on levothyroxine?

A

additive

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33
Q

Which drugs cause contact lens intolerance?

A

Estrone and Yaz

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34
Q

Which drugs are contraindicated in patients with migraines?

A

Estrone & Yaz

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35
Q

What might you be concerned about in treating a 30 year old women with tetracycline who is on Yaz?

A

enhanced risk of pregnancy due to reduced efficacy of the drug because of tetracycline

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36
Q

What is a similar mechanism that causes GERD and gastric/peptic ulcers?

A

increased acid secretion

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37
Q

Which glaucoma drug should not be used in patients on Esomeprazole?

A

CAIs (causes exacerbation of hypermagnesmia)

38
Q

Which drug causes reversible impotence and gynecomastia?

A

Cimetidine

39
Q

Chlorpheniramine is contraindicated with which drug?

A

Tamoxifen

-Chlorpheniramine inhibits the hepatic production of the active metabolite

40
Q

Which drug is the most potent lipid reducer?

A

Atrovastatin

  • reduces LDL 50%
  • reduces triglycerides 29%
41
Q

Which drug also stimulates PPAR besides fibrates?

A

Pioglitazone

42
Q

What is the mechanism of action of insulin?

A

long acting

43
Q

Azoles have impaired absorption by which drugs?

A

Esomeprazole and Cimetidine

44
Q

Which drug causes slowing of incretin breakdown?

A

Sitagliptin

45
Q

Which drug blocks H+/K+ ATPase?

A

Esomeprazole (Protein Pump Inhibitor)

46
Q

What are the drugs that act at 5-HT3?

A

5-HT antagonists (Ondansetron)

47
Q

Which drugs have the most potent anti-emetic effect?

A

Ondansetron

48
Q

How often is Aldendronate dosed for osteoporosis?

A

once a week

49
Q

What is methotrexate?

A

folic acid analogue

50
Q

Which drug causes myopathy?

A

Atorvastatin & Fenofibrate

51
Q

Which drug is typically taken in conjunction with statins or if statins were ineffective?

A

Fibrates (Fenofibrate)

52
Q

What is the mechanism of nicotinic acid?

A

inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue, resulting in reduced hepatic VLDL synthesis and LDL in plasma

53
Q

Which drug inhibits the absorption of cholesterol at the small intestine?

54
Q

What is the most prevalent type of diabetes?

55
Q

Which diabetic therapies are injectable?

A

Dulaglutide and Insulin Glargine

56
Q

Which drug can cause megaloblastic anemia?

57
Q

Which diabetic therapy has a serious adverse effect of death?

58
Q

What is the mechanism of Metformin?

A

activates AMPK to inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis and intestinal glucose reabsorption

59
Q

What type of effect does flax seed oil have when taken with a diabetic therapy?

60
Q

What effect do beta-blockers have when taken with a diabetic therapy?

A

masks hypoglycemia

61
Q

Which drug can lead to thyroid carcinoma?

A

Dulaglutide

62
Q

Which drug is the #6 highest selling drug in America?

A

Insulin Glargine

63
Q

Which drug is the #3 highest selling drug in America?

A

Esomeprazole

64
Q

Which drug is the #2 highest selling drug in America?

A

Levothyroxine

65
Q

Which drug should absolutely not be used after its expiration date?

A

Insulin Glargine

66
Q

What is the longest acting diabetic therapy?

A

Insuline Glargine

67
Q

What type of diabetes is also referred to as insulin-dependent?

68
Q

What type of diabetes is commonly diagnosed in patients over 35 years?

69
Q

What disease do adverse effects of Levothyroxine mimic?

A

hyperthyroidism

70
Q

What hormone does Levothyroxine mimic?

71
Q

What drug causes pseudo tumor cerebri in children?

A

Levothyroxine

72
Q

What is the most potent form of estrogen?

73
Q

What is the most common form of estrogen that is circulating after menopause?

74
Q

What structural characteristic of estrogen allows it to cross the cell membrane?

A

cholesterol backbone

75
Q

What is the black box warning for Estrone?

A

endometrial cancer, stroke, MI, DVT, invasive breast cancer

76
Q

What type of cancer is more likely to lead to eye cancer?

A

breast cancer

77
Q

What drugs are contraindicated in patients that are smokers?

A

Estrone and Yaz

78
Q

What drug is indicated for acne vulgaris?

79
Q

Which drug can cause “medically-induced menopause”?

80
Q

What drug has the same basic mechanism as Atorvastatin?

A

Alendronate (inhibits HMG CoA reductase)

81
Q

Which drug can cause wet AMD?

A

Alendronate

82
Q

Which anti-emetic has a black box warning?

A

Promethazine

83
Q

What are the two brainstem sites involved in the vomiting reflex pathway?

A

chemoreceptor trigger zone (outside the BBB) and emetic center (protected by the BBB)

84
Q

Which drug selectively antagonizes D2?

A

Chlorpromazine

85
Q

Which drug selectively antagonizes 5-HT3?

A

Ondansetron

86
Q

What does Promethazine non-selectively antagonize?

A

H1 receptor

87
Q

What is the black box warning for Promethazine?

A

respiratory depression, severe tissue injury

88
Q

What effects do anticholinergics and antihistamines have with antiemetics?

89
Q

What drug has a severe adverse effect of neurotoxicity?

A

Methotrexate

90
Q

Which drug suppresses LH & FSH, inhibiting ovulation?

Systemic Pharmacology (3 decks)

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