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Final Exam Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What are borderline LDL levels?

A

130-160 mg/dL

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2
Q

Which drugs cause diplopia?

A

Atorvastatin, Levothyroxine

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3
Q

Which dyslipidemia therapy causes amnesia?

A

Atorvastatin

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4
Q

Which drug causes pseudo tumor cerebri?

A

Levothyroxine

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5
Q

Which drugs causes pseudo-CME?

A

Atrovastatin & Nicotinic Acid

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6
Q

Which diabetic drug is related to sulfonamide?

A

Glipizide

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7
Q

Which dyslipidemia therapy causes pruitis?

A

Niacin

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8
Q

Which drug causes taxi amblyopia?

A

Niacin

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9
Q

Which drug affects absorption of the Gi epithelium?

A

Ezetimibe

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10
Q

What neurotransmitter is released in enterchromaffin cells?

A

serotonin

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11
Q

What is the route of administration of levothyroxine?

A

oral

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12
Q

Which drug might require the use of Alendronate due to decreased bone density?

A

Canagliflozin (adverse effects of fracture and bone density loss)

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13
Q

Which drugs block HMG CoA reductase?

A

Atrovastatin and Alendronate (at a lower level)

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14
Q

Which drug causes a seizure risk with omega-6 fatty acids?

A

Promethazine

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15
Q

Which drug causes ocular pigmentation?

A

Chlorpromazine

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16
Q

What is the mechanism of Chlorpromazine?

A

D2 antagonism

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17
Q

Which drug causes transient blindness?

A

Ondansetron

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18
Q

Which drug causes oculogyric crisis?

A

Ondansetron

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19
Q

What are the indications for methotrexate?

A

rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and choriocarcinoma

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20
Q

What is the result of an interaction between fish oils and a dyslipidemia drug?

A

increased blood sugar (antagonistic)

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21
Q

Which drug has a risk of bladder cancer?

A

Pioglitazone

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22
Q

What is the relationship between A1c and elevated glucose?

A

linear relationship

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23
Q

What is the leading cause of death in men with cancer?

A

lung cancer

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24
Q

What is the leading cause of death in women with cancer?

A

lung cancer

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25
What is the ratio of osteoporosis caused by age in men vs. women?
1:2
26
What age is DM-1 most likely to be diagnosed at?
before 20 years of age
27
Which drug has a black box warning for opportunistic infection?
Methotrexate
28
Which drug is advertised for weight loss in newly diagnosed DM-2 patients?
Metformin
29
What is the first line of therapy for diabetes?
Biguanides
30
With what drug might Gangcyclovir produce serious adverse effects?
dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors
31
What drug should not be used in patients with infections?
Insulin Glargine
32
What effect does sympathomimetics have on levothyroxine?
additive
33
Which drugs cause contact lens intolerance?
Estrone and Yaz
34
Which drugs are contraindicated in patients with migraines?
Estrone & Yaz
35
What might you be concerned about in treating a 30 year old women with tetracycline who is on Yaz?
enhanced risk of pregnancy due to reduced efficacy of the drug because of tetracycline
36
What is a similar mechanism that causes GERD and gastric/peptic ulcers?
increased acid secretion
37
Which glaucoma drug should not be used in patients on Esomeprazole?
CAIs (causes exacerbation of hypermagnesmia)
38
Which drug causes reversible impotence and gynecomastia?
Cimetidine
39
Chlorpheniramine is contraindicated with which drug?
Tamoxifen | -Chlorpheniramine inhibits the hepatic production of the active metabolite
40
Which drug is the most potent lipid reducer?
Atrovastatin - reduces LDL 50% - reduces triglycerides 29%
41
Which drug also stimulates PPAR besides fibrates?
Pioglitazone
42
What is the mechanism of action of insulin?
long acting
43
Azoles have impaired absorption by which drugs?
Esomeprazole and Cimetidine
44
Which drug causes slowing of incretin breakdown?
Sitagliptin
45
Which drug blocks H+/K+ ATPase?
Esomeprazole (Protein Pump Inhibitor)
46
What are the drugs that act at 5-HT3?
5-HT antagonists (Ondansetron)
47
Which drugs have the most potent anti-emetic effect?
Ondansetron
48
How often is Aldendronate dosed for osteoporosis?
once a week
49
What is methotrexate?
folic acid analogue
50
Which drug causes myopathy?
Atorvastatin & Fenofibrate
51
Which drug is typically taken in conjunction with statins or if statins were ineffective?
Fibrates (Fenofibrate)
52
What is the mechanism of nicotinic acid?
inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue, resulting in reduced hepatic VLDL synthesis and LDL in plasma
53
Which drug inhibits the absorption of cholesterol at the small intestine?
Ezetimibe
54
What is the most prevalent type of diabetes?
DM-2
55
Which diabetic therapies are injectable?
Dulaglutide and Insulin Glargine
56
Which drug can cause megaloblastic anemia?
Metformin
57
Which diabetic therapy has a serious adverse effect of death?
Glipzide
58
What is the mechanism of Metformin?
activates AMPK to inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis and intestinal glucose reabsorption
59
What type of effect does flax seed oil have when taken with a diabetic therapy?
additive
60
What effect do beta-blockers have when taken with a diabetic therapy?
masks hypoglycemia
61
Which drug can lead to thyroid carcinoma?
Dulaglutide
62
Which drug is the #6 highest selling drug in America?
Insulin Glargine
63
Which drug is the #3 highest selling drug in America?
Esomeprazole
64
Which drug is the #2 highest selling drug in America?
Levothyroxine
65
Which drug should absolutely not be used after its expiration date?
Insulin Glargine
66
What is the longest acting diabetic therapy?
Insuline Glargine
67
What type of diabetes is also referred to as insulin-dependent?
DM-1
68
What type of diabetes is commonly diagnosed in patients over 35 years?
DM-2
69
What disease do adverse effects of Levothyroxine mimic?
hyperthyroidism
70
What hormone does Levothyroxine mimic?
T4
71
What drug causes pseudo tumor cerebri in children?
Levothyroxine
72
What is the most potent form of estrogen?
Estradiol
73
What is the most common form of estrogen that is circulating after menopause?
Estrone
74
What structural characteristic of estrogen allows it to cross the cell membrane?
cholesterol backbone
75
What is the black box warning for Estrone?
endometrial cancer, stroke, MI, DVT, invasive breast cancer
76
What type of cancer is more likely to lead to eye cancer?
breast cancer
77
What drugs are contraindicated in patients that are smokers?
Estrone and Yaz
78
What drug is indicated for acne vulgaris?
Yaz
79
Which drug can cause "medically-induced menopause"?
Tamoxifen
80
What drug has the same basic mechanism as Atorvastatin?
Alendronate (inhibits HMG CoA reductase)
81
Which drug can cause wet AMD?
Alendronate
82
Which anti-emetic has a black box warning?
Promethazine
83
What are the two brainstem sites involved in the vomiting reflex pathway?
chemoreceptor trigger zone (outside the BBB) and emetic center (protected by the BBB)
84
Which drug selectively antagonizes D2?
Chlorpromazine
85
Which drug selectively antagonizes 5-HT3?
Ondansetron
86
What does Promethazine non-selectively antagonize?
H1 receptor
87
What is the black box warning for Promethazine?
respiratory depression, severe tissue injury
88
What effects do anticholinergics and antihistamines have with antiemetics?
additive
89
What drug has a severe adverse effect of neurotoxicity?
Methotrexate
90
Which drug suppresses LH & FSH, inhibiting ovulation?
Yaz

Systemic Pharmacology (3 decks)

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