Final Exam: Psychological Disorders Flashcards
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)
Manual used to diagnose and classify mental disorders.
Schizophrenia
A mental disorder characterized by distorted thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.
Positive symptoms
Excessive behaviors like hallucinations and delusions seen in schizophrenia.
Negative symptoms
Reduced or absent behaviors like flat affect and avolition in schizophrenia.
Hallucinations
Sensory experiences without external stimuli, often auditory in schizophrenia.
Delusions
False beliefs held despite evidence to the contrary, common in schizophrenia.
Flat affect
Lack of emotional expression, often seen in schizophrenia.
Alogia
Reduced speech output, often a symptom of schizophrenia.
Anhedonia
Inability to feel pleasure in normally enjoyable activities.
Avolition
Lack of motivation to start or complete tasks.
Catatonia
Abnormal movement or behavior often seen in schizophrenia, including rigidity or hyperactivity.
Stereotypy
Repetitive, fixed pattern of behavior or speech.
Dopamine hypothesis of Schizophrenia
Theory that schizophrenia symptoms are linked to excess dopamine activity.
Clozapine
An atypical antipsychotic used to treat schizophrenia.
Major depressive disorder (MDD)
Mood disorder with persistent feelings of sadness and lack of interest.
Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
Form of depression occurring seasonally, typically in winter.
Light exposure therapy
Treatment for SAD involving exposure to artificial light.
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
A psychotherapy focused on changing negative thought patterns and behaviors.
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
Antidepressant drugs that prevent breakdown of neurotransmitters like serotonin.
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
Older class of antidepressants that increase levels of norepinephrine and serotonin.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Antidepressants that increase serotonin levels by preventing reuptake.
Serotonin syndrome
Potentially life-threatening condition caused by excessive serotonin, often due to drug interactions.
Ketamine
A fast-acting antidepressant sometimes used for treatment-resistant depression.
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
Treatment involving electric stimulation to treat severe depression and other mental illnesses.
