Final Exam - Previous Chapters Flashcards
control group
a group that does not receive any experimental manipulation so it can be compared to a treatment gorup
generalize
the likelihood that findings in a given study would be found in another setting or study
reliability
consistency of measurement
validity
the degree to which a measure captures what it intends to measure
causation
the act of making something happen
diversity
the ways in which people are similar or different from each other.
similarity-attractionphenomenon
the tendency to be more attracted to individuals who are similar to us
person-organizationfit
the degree to which a person’s values, personality, goals, and other characteristics match those of the organization.
person-job fit
the degree to which a person’s skill, knowledge, abilities, and other characteristics match the job demands.
attitude
our opinions, beliefs, and feelings about aspects of our environment.
hygiene factors
factors extrinsic to the job such as company policies, supervision, working conditions, salary, safety, and security on the job. part of the context in which the job was performed, as opposed to the job itself.
extinction
the removal of rewards following negative behavior
negative reinforcement
removal of unpleasant outcomes once desired behavior is demonstrated
job enlargement
expanding the tasks performed by employees to add more variety. By giving employees several different tasks to be performed, as opposed to limiting their activities to a small number of tasks, organizations hope to reduce boredom and monotony as well as utilize human resources more effectively.
job enrichment
a job redesign technique that allows workers more control over how they perform their own tasks. This approach allows employees to take on more responsibility over their jobs.
MPS = ((Skill Variety + Task Identity + Task Significance) ÷ 3) × Autonomy × Feedback
Know this equation
hindrance stressors
stress caused by factors that detract us from our goals and prevent personal growth, such as stress caused by interpersonal conflict, work-life conflict, and daily hassles such as your computer malfunctioning or being cut off in traffic.
challenge stressors
demands and circumstances that cause stress but that also promote individual growth, such as high work pressures, high levels of responsibility, or having a lot of (high-quality) work to do.
filtering
the distortion or withholding of information to manage a person’s reactions. A gatekeeper (the vice president’s assistant, perhaps) who doesn’t pass along a complete message is filtering.
semantics
the meaning of a word or phrase
process loss
any aspect of group interaction that inhibits group functioning.
virtual teams
teams in which members are not located in the same physical place.
assumptions
reflect beliefs about human nature and reality.
artifacts
visible, tangible aspects of organizational culture.
