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Hazardous Materials Training > Final Exam Prep > Flashcards

Final Exam Prep Flashcards

1
Q

NFPA 1500 (344/358)

A

Standard on Fire Department Occupational Safety and Health Program

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2
Q

LC50 (109)

A
  • Concentration of an inhaled substance that results in the death of 50 percent of the test population.
  • expressed in ppm, mg/liter or mg/m3 (the lower the value the more toxic the substance)
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3
Q

LD50 (109)

A
  • concentration of an ingested substance that results in the death of 50 percent of the test population
  • oral or dermal exposure
  • expressed in mg/kg (the lower the value the more toxic the substance)
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4
Q

broken down in 17 paragraphs and addresses subjects such as medical monitoring and health and safety plans (17)

A

HAZWOPER OSHA 29CFR1910.120

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5
Q

The united states federal agency responsible for conducting research and making recommendations for the prevention of work related injury and illness. (379)

A

NIOSH (National Occupational Institutes for Occupational safety and Health

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6
Q

The purpose of this section is to ensure that the hazards of all chemicals produced or imported are classified and that information concerning the classified hazards is transmitted to employers and employees. (17)

A

OSHA

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7
Q

Standard for professional competence of responders to haz mat/WMD incidents (17)

A

NFPA 472

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8
Q

Standard for haz mat/WMD emergency response personnel professional qualifications (17)

A

NFPA 1072

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9
Q

LEPC (233)

A
  • Local Emergency Planning Committee

- another potential source of information for chemical documentation for facilities

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10
Q

primarily assigned for use at transportation incidents involving hazardous materials (226)

A

Emergency Response Guidebook

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11
Q

detailed information bulletin prepared by a chemical manufacturer or importer that provides specific information about the product (38/231)

A

Safety Data Sheets

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12
Q

system of software applications that helps emergency responders develop safety response plans (234)

A

Cameo

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13
Q

Cameo’s atmospheric dispersion modeling program used for evaluation the release of hazardous chemical vapors (234)

A

Aloha

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14
Q

electronic resource that may be downloaded free of charge that brings a wide range of information to the hazmat responder (236)

A

Wiser

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15
Q

Supplies 24 hour a day information for incidents involving hazardous materials (142)

A

Chemtrec

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16
Q

electronic device that indicates the presence and explosive levels of combustible gases (172)

A

CGI Combustible Gas Indicator

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17
Q

the time it takes for the meter to process the material it is looking for an relaying that information to a display, light or audible notification (handouts)

A

response time of meters

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18
Q

manufacturer provided number that can be used to convert a specific device’s readout to be applicable to another function (169)

A

Conversion or Correction Factors

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19
Q

calibration and bumping meters (139)

A

calibration=set of operations used to standardize or adjust the values of qualities indicated by ensuring instruments
bump=verifies the instruments calibration by exposing it to a known concentration of test gas

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20
Q

Viscosity (37)

A

the measure of the internal friction of a liquid at a given temperature.
-determines the ease at which product will flow

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21
Q

Odor threshold (37)

A

odor detection threshold is the lowest concentration of a certain odor compound that is perceivable by the human sense of smell

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22
Q

Flash Point (38)

A

lowest temperature at which a liquid can form an ignitable mixture in air near the surface of the liquid and will not support continuous burning

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23
Q

the measurement of the ability of a material to evaporate or change from a liquid to a vapor or gaseous state (40,41,45,480)

A

vapor pressure

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24
Q

ph scale (179)

A
  • water has a ph of 7 (neutral) at center of scale
  • 7 –>0 increasing acid (red)
  • 7–>14 increasing base (blue)
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25
Q

the pressure necessary to liquify a gas at its critical temperature (44)

A

critical pressure

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26
Q

ability of a substance to vaporize easily at a relatively low temperature (38,580)

A

volatility

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27
Q

polymerization(74,75,576)

A

chemical reactions in which two or more molecules chemically combine to form larger molecules
-reaction can be violent

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28
Q

chemical reaction between two or more materials that changes the materials and produces heat (72,569,570)

A

Exothermic

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29
Q

chemical reaction in which a substance absorbs heat energy (72,569,570)

A

endothermic

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30
Q

substance that modifies (usually increases) the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process (74,567)

A

catalyst

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31
Q

Concentration (77)

A
  • % (mass or volume) of a material dissolved in water or other solvent.
  • quantity of a chemical material inhaled for purposes of measuring toxicity
  • quantity of a material in relation to a larger volume of gas or liquid
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32
Q

2 or more liquids capability to mix together (79,574)

A

miscibility

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33
Q

property of some molecules to have discrete areas with negative and positive charges (41,49,576)

A

polarity

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34
Q

degree to which a solid, liquid or gas dissolves in a solvent (usually water) (78,578)

A

solubility

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35
Q

degree to which a solid, liquid or gas dissolves in a solvent (usually water) (78,578)

A

solubility

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36
Q

specific gravity

A
  • substance less than 1 floats on water

- substance greater than 1 sinks in water

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37
Q

NFPA -Class 1 (Level A) suit is required for NFPA rating of _____ or higher

A

3

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38
Q

non-pressure tanks (309,573,576)

A

contents under low pressure (.5 psi)

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39
Q

pressure tanks (309,573,576)

A

contnets under pressure (.5 psi +)

-May be underground (pressure above 15 psi)

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40
Q

5 types of packaging for radiation containers for transport (strict regulations) (315)

A

1) excepted
2) Industrial
3) Type A
4) Type B
5) Type C

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41
Q

pipelines (306)

A
  • =primarily carry liquid petroleum products, natural and manufactured gas.
  • buried 30-36 inches below ground
  • caution, warning and danger markers
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42
Q

similar to jerry cans; limited use, non bulk container used almost exclusively for hazardous materials. Plastic, glass, or steel. Narrow neck contain 6-16 gallons (251)

A

Carboys

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43
Q

not classified by DOT, individual steel tubes, gas under pressure (279)

A

Tube trailers

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44
Q

signs of damaged cargo tank. weak points must be stabilized or offloaded. damaged welds are critical if the crack extends to the container itself (490)

A

Scores/Cracks/Dents

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45
Q

patching types (499)

A

breach in container too large to be plugged. slow the leak to develop a plan (e.g. box patch, hook bolts, pipe patches)

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46
Q

chlorine kits (499)

A
  • A-kit: compressed gas cylinders (100-150 lbs)

- B-Kit: ton containers

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47
Q

reduces the risk of static electricity to an operation (506,537)

A

grounding and Bonding

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48
Q

come inner ring, may have bung leaks, chime leaks, sidewall punctures, overpacking is an option(513)

A

Drums

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49
Q

Damaged drum placed inside another container (514)

A

Overpacking

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50
Q

sliding a drum on its side into an overpack drum (515)

A

Slide-In method

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51
Q

rapid chilling of a liquified compressed gas as it transitions from a liquid state to a vapor state (41,508)

A

auto-refrigeration

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52
Q

concise report that details and analyzes incident operations, lessons learned and recommendations (554)

A

After Action Report

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53
Q

fixed tanks and facilities (309-311)

A

identifying the type of hazardous material present can be difficult (preplanned)

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54
Q

DOT Bulk Packaging (notes)

A
  • 119 gallons+ (liquid)
  • 800 pounds + (solid)
  • water capacity greater than 1000 lbs (gas)
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55
Q

DOT Bulk Packaging (notes)

A
  • 119 gallons+ (liquid)
  • 800 pounds + (solid)
  • water capacity greater than 1000 lbs (gas)
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56
Q

established set of chemical protective PPE ensembles (390)

A

EPA

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57
Q

CPC maintenance, testing, and record keeping

A

OSHA

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58
Q

requirements for a minimum level of protection for responses personnel facing exposure to specified chemicals (398)

A

NFPA 1991

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59
Q

process in which a chemical passes through a protective material on a molecular level (391)

A

Permeation

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60
Q

process hazardous materials enters an opening or puncture in a protective material (391)

A

penetration

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61
Q

strength, toughness and ability to resist (391)

A

Resistance

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62
Q

material is altered through contact, use or wear (391)

A

degradation

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63
Q

donning and doffing (424,430)

A

performed in the cold zone, can be time consuming (2 assistants per 1 responder), must be done with care

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64
Q

penetration of one substance into the structure of another, such as the process of picking up a liquid containment with an absorbent. can be wiped off (442,565)

A

absorption

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65
Q

adherence of a substance in a liquid or gas to a solid. this process occurs on the surface of the ______ material (442,565)

A

adsorbent

66
Q

an agent applied to a liquid spill combines with the liquid either chemically or physically to form a solid (447,453)

A

solidification

67
Q

can be expanded or contracts based on the needs of the incident. includes the hot zone, contamination reduction zone, and clean zone (461)

A

decon corridor station

68
Q

in some cases may only be destroyed by sterilization (467)

A

decon of infectious agents

69
Q

designed and manufactured to store super-cooled materials (-130F). Must be able to accommodate the material as both a liquid and gas (eg dewar) (276)

A

cryogenic cylinder

70
Q

intermediate bulk containers (297)

A

totes transport a wide variety of materials and can be wither rigid or flexible. designed for mechanical handling

71
Q

typically stored on their sides, ends are convex or concave, and have 2 valves with one to the vapor and one to the liquid (258)

A

Ton containers (multi-unit tank car)

72
Q

Highway cargo tank specifications plates (261)

A
  • permanently attached left side of vehicle,

- DOT required: manufacturer, date, weight, pressure and temperature

73
Q

bills of lading required to accompany product in transit regardless of means of transportation (product identification) (232)

A

shipping papers

74
Q

motor carrier and DOT highway transport tanks (265,281)

A

government specification establish minimum tank construction material thicknesses and safety features. 3 digit number identify specifications

75
Q

shutoffs for non pressurized tanks (263)

A

usually manually activated and located at the drivers front and passenger rear of tank

76
Q

Intermodal tanks (box or beam) (299)

A

frame-like structure, transferred between modes of transportation. T-codes are identification records.

77
Q

UN Hazard Classes:

Every Good Fire Fighter Ought To Request Cash Money (325)

A
  • Explosives
  • Gases
  • Flammable liquids
  • flammable solids
  • oxidizers
  • toxic substances
  • radioactive material
  • corrosives
  • miscellaneous hazardous material
78
Q

NFPA 704 diamond (229)

A
  • low to high /1-4
  • Blue=health
  • red=flammability
  • yellow=reactivity
  • white=special hazard
79
Q

transportation papers (266,283,292,306)

A
  • over the road= bill of lading
  • railway= constance
  • ship= dangerous cargo manifest
  • white= special hazard
80
Q

direct action on the material, container or process equipment (334)

A

offensive operations

81
Q

confine the emergency to a given area without directly contacting the hazardous material (334)

A

defensive operations

82
Q

planned and systematic removal of contaminants from personnel and or equipment ; chemical or physical methods to thoroughly remove or neutralize contaminants (446)

A

technical decon

83
Q

potentially hazardous area immediately surrounding the incident site; requires appropriate protective clothing and equipment and other safety precautions for entry (567,571,580)

A

hot zone

84
Q

area between the hot zone and cold zones that usually contains the decontamination corridor typically requires lesser degree of personnel protective equipment. also known as the _____________.(567,571,580)

A

warm zone

-contamination reduction zone/corridor

85
Q

safe area outside of the warm zone where equipment and personnel are not expected to become contaminated and special protective clothing is not required. also known as _____.
(567,571,580)

A

cold zone

-support zone

86
Q

a response to known or unknown chemicals or products that will trigger a same action (143)

A

action level

87
Q

Tactical priorities (LIPS) (330)

A
  • Life safety
  • Incident stabilization
  • property conservation
  • societal restoration
88
Q

two in/two out rule (345)

A 
OSHA rule (buddy system) 
The minimum number of personnel necessary for performing tasks in the hazardous area is 4 (2 working in the area itself and 2 standing by as a backup)
89
Q

safety officer (358)

A

per NFPA 472 a safety officer must be a trained technician, certified to the level of the incident response

90
Q

research (217)

A

precise info regarding the product involved, the container involved, and the environment in which incidents occurring. research specialist must obtain, organize and disseminate info to hazard sector in the incident command structure

91
Q

medical monitoring (370,366)

A

medical evaluation and monitoring of personnel operating at the site, treatment of personnel exposed to products at the incident, triage as necessary, and maintenance of medical records for both responders and victims. Effective medical monitoring will help keep personnel safe on a emergency scene and may also prevent many illnesses and injuries

92
Q

debriefing (550,552)

A

gathers info from all personnel who were involved in incident operations. To be effective, a debriefing should start as soon as the incident’s emergency phase has concluded

93
Q

Critique (340,352,550)

A

a post incident critique is a more formal means of evaluating all the events that took place during the incident. It should concentrate on all of the incident successes, failures and needed improvements that can be made to ensure future success.

94
Q

Unified command (326,355)

A

where multiple agencies and or jurisdictions are expected to work together in a structure, is the most efficient and safest means of operation

95
Q

priorities on hazmat calls (323)

A

risk based response/risk management plan

96
Q

assessment of a facility or location made before an emergency occurs in order to prepare for an appropriate emergency response (preplanned) (330)

A

pre-incident survey

97
Q

diking, damning diverting and retaining are ways to confine a hazardous material. controlling the flow of liquid hazmat away from point of release (338)

A

confinement

98
Q

the goal of leak control is to stop or limit the escape or to contain the release either in its original container or by transferring it to a new container (338)

A

containment

99
Q

number of personnel needed for entry/backup (345)

A

2 in/2out +2 backup

100
Q

a vital record that should be completed by decon leader or hazmat safety officer. it is a legal requirement to retain medical records (30 years) (365)

A

Exposure record

101
Q

Physical states of matter (29-34)

A
  • solid, liquid, gas

- an increase in temp or pressure or elevation causes changes in their physical state

102
Q

properties of states of matter (35-38)

A

solid=def shape and size

liquid=incompressible substance with a constant volume that assumes shape of container

gas=compressible substance, with no specific volume, that tends to assume the shape of the container

103
Q

dry or without water (34-38)

A

anhydrous

104
Q

elements and materials that absorb water (34-38)

A

hydrophilic

105
Q

elements that repel water (34-38)

A

hydrophobic

106
Q

vaporization of a material from a solid to vapor state without passing through the liquid state (43,578)

A

sublimation

107
Q

flammable range (38,570)

A

range between the upper flammable limit and the lower flammable limit in which a substance can be ignited

108
Q

LEL (34,407,573,579)

A

(of vapor or gas)

is the lowest concentration of a material in air that will ignite when an ignition source is present

109
Q

UEL (34,407,573,579)

A

(of vapor or gas)

is the highest concentration of a material in air that will ignite when an ignition source is present

110
Q

Atomic number (50,565)

A

number of protons in an atom

111
Q

subatomic particle with a physical mass and a positive electric charge (49-50)

A

protons

112
Q

component of the nucleus of an atom that has a neutral electric charge yet produces highly penetrating radiation(49-50)

A

neutrons

113
Q

subatomic particle with a physical mass and a negative electric charge (49-50)

A

electrons

114
Q

a tool for organizing and displaying the elements in a way that provides some basic information about their characteristics (56)

A

periodic table of the elements

115
Q

group 7 elements that are highly reactive and toxic. they are non flammable but are powerful oxidizers that support combustion (62)

A

halogens

116
Q

group 1 metals that are highly reactive (61)

A

alkali metals

117
Q

group 8 elements that are inert gases, nonreactive, but simple asphyxiants (64)

A

noble gases

118
Q

substances consisting of 2 or more elements that have been united chemically (567,574)

A

compound

119
Q

cannot be broken down into anything simpler without getting into subatomic structure (567,574)

A

elements

120
Q

substance containing 2 or more materials not chemically united (567,574)

A

mixture

121
Q

stability of elements (65)

A

atomic stability is achieved when elements have a completely filled outer shell (duet and octet rule)

122
Q

formed by the transfer of electrons from a metal to a nonmetal element (66,67,568,573)

A

ionic bonds

123
Q

formed between two or more nonmetal elements

66,67,568,573

A

covalent bonds

124
Q

organic compound containing only hydrogen and carbon and found primarily in petroleum products and coal (83,84,572)

A

hydrocarbon

125
Q

a hydrocarbon with bonds that form rings (84,85,565)

A

aromatic

126
Q

an unsaturated hydrocarbon with at least one double bond between carbon atoms
(84,85,565)

A

alkenes

127
Q

an unsaturated hydrocarbon with at least 1 triple bond

84,85,565

A

alkynes

128
Q

any material that readily yields oxygen or other oxidizing gas, or that readily reacts to promote or initiate combustion of combustible materials (39,72,575)

A

oxidizer

129
Q

substance that has the property of being poisonous (106,107,579,580)

A

toxins

130
Q

simplest type of microorganism that can only replicate itself in the living cells of its host (106,107,579,580)

A

virus

131
Q

a class of toxic chemical that works by disruption the way nerves transfer messages to organs (100-103,574)

A

nerve agents

132
Q

chemical warfare agent that burns and blisters the skin or any other part of the body it contacts (103,566)

A

blister agent

133
Q

chemical warfare agent that attacks the lungs causing tissue damage (104,567)

A

choking agent

134
Q

a spore forming bacterium that causes serious illness or death (106,468)

A

anthrax

135
Q

radiation types (96,97,314)

A

energy from a radioactive source emitted in the form of waves and particles as a result of the decay of anatomic nucleus. alpha, betta, gamma, neutron

136
Q

the time required for a radioactive material to reduce to half of its initial value (98,571)

A

half-life

137
Q

suspension formed by a quantity of granulated or powdered solid material that is not completely soluble mixed into a liquid (56,578)

A

slurry

138
Q

blood agent (104)

A

chemical asphyxiant that interferes with the body’s ability to use oxygen either by preventing red blood cells from carrying oxygen to other cells in the body or by inhibiting the ability of cells to use oxygen for producing the energy required for metabolism

139
Q

routes of exposure to the body (161,162,565)

A

inhalation
ingestion
absorption
injection

140
Q

acute vs chronic exposure (163,565,56760

A

acute= characterized by sharpness and severity, having rapid onset and relatively short duration

chronic=marked by long duration, recurring over a period of time

141
Q

parts per million (108,575)

A

methods of expressing the concentration of very dilute solutions of one substance in another, normally liquid or gas, based on volume; expressed as a ratio of the volume of contaminants compared to the volume of air

142
Q

IDLH (164,572)

A

Immediate dangerous to life and health
description any atmosphere that poses an immediate hazard to life or produces immediate irreversible debilitating effects on health; represent concentration above which respiratory protection should be required (30 min max exposure)

143
Q

TLV (165,168)

A

Threshold limit value
an occupational exposure value recommended by ACGIH to which it is nearly believed all workers can be exposed day after day for a working lifetime without ill effects

144
Q

PEL (165,168)

A

permissible exposure limit
a regulatory limit on the amount of concentration of a substance in the air. pens may also contain a skin designation. A pal is the maximum concentration to which the majority of healthy adults can be exposed over a 40 hour work week without suffering adverse effects.

145
Q

the result of direct contact with a product and it occurs when a product adheres to or wets any kind of exposure (111,568,570)

A

contamination

146
Q

said to occur when a toxic or infectious substance directly contacts the human body or is introduced into the body (111,568,570)

A

exposure

147
Q

the time of exposure to a biological agent to the appearance of symptoms in an infected person. also known as latency (169)

A

incubation period

148
Q

a type of fuel cell designed to produce a current that is precisely related to the amount of the target gas in the atmosphere (175)

A

electrochemical sensors

149
Q

air monitoring (506)

A

active and passive meters

150
Q

hazardous vapors and gases may interfere with proper operation of an instrument causing a false positive reading (142)

A

meter cross sensitivity

151
Q

a space or area not intended for continuous occupation, having limited openings for entry or exit, providing unfavorable natural ventilation and the potential to have a toxic, explosive or oxygen deficient atmosphere (146)

A

confined space

152
Q

normal air contents

A

78% nitrogen
21% oxygen
small amounts of other gases such as carbon dioxide, neon and hydrogen

153
Q

colormetric tubes (179)

A

consist of glass tube impregnated with an indicating chemical. the contaminant reacts with the indicator chemical in the tube, producing a change in color where the length of the color change in the tube is proportional to the contaminant concentration

154
Q

CMS (179)

A

are closely related to colorimetric tubes but use chemical specific measuring chips with an electronic analyzer

155
Q

Rad meter scintillator (168)

A

the scintillator is used with radiation detectors where the radiation interacts with a crystal such as sodium iodide, cesium iodide or zinc sulfide to produce a small flash of light. the electronics of the instrument amplify the light pulse thousands of times in order to produce a signal that can be processed

156
Q

PID (186)

A

Photo Ionization detectors
Detects concentrations of flammable/combustible gases and vapors in the air by using an ultraviolet light source to ionize the airborne contaminant (10.6eV)

157
Q

M8 and M9 (182)

A

eliminates specific hazards before the samples collected from the hazmat incident can be sent to a laboratory

158
Q

chain of custody (148)

A

continuous changes of possession of physical evidence that must be established in court to admit such material into evidence. in order for physical evidence to be admissible in court, there must be an evidence log of accountability that documents each change of possession from the evidences discovery until its presented in court.

159
Q

a special agent who is charged with developing relationships with federal, tribal, state and local communities (243)

A

FBI WMD coordinator

160
Q

a special agent who is charged with developing relationships with federal, tribal, state and local communities (243)

A

FBI WMD coordinator

161
Q

Types of respiratory protection (375)

A
  • scba
  • sar-supplied air respirator
  • apr-air purifying respirator
  • papr-powered air purifying respirator
162
Q

CPC encapsulating vs non encapsulating (396)

A

encapsulating=1 piece garment (vapor-1991)

Hazardous Materials Training (3 decks)

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