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Hazardous Materials Training > Class Notes > Flashcards

Class Notes Flashcards

1
Q

Every good fire fighter ought to receive cash money

A 
Explosives
Gases
Flammable Liquids
Flammable Solids
Oxidizers
Toxics
Radioactive
Corrosive
Mixed Loads
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2
Q

Every

A

Explosives

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3
Q

Good

A

Gases

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4
Q

Fire

A

Flammable Liquids

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5
Q

Fighter

A

Flammable Solids

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6
Q

ought

A

Oxidizers

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7
Q

to

A

toxics

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8
Q

receive

A

radioactive

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9
Q

cash

A

corrosive

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10
Q

money

A

mixed loads

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11
Q

small spills are less than our equal to…

A

55 gallons

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12
Q

large spills are over…

A

55 gallons

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13
Q

Solubility

A

the ability to mix with H2O

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14
Q

the ability to mix with H2O

A

solubility

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15
Q

specific gravity

A

float or sink in H2O

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16
Q

float or sink in H2O

A

specific gravity

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17
Q

IDLH

A

Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health

-30 minutes exposure will cause death or irreversible injury

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18
Q

Ca

A

Cancer/Carcinogen

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19
Q

Hot Zone

A

10% of LEL

10% of LEL also IDLH

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20
Q

REL
TWA
TLB

A

Niosh…
Relative Exposure Limit
—Time Weighted Average

Threshold Limit Value

-8 hrs/day for 7 days?

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21
Q

STEL

A

Short term exposure limit

-what you can be in for 15 minutes

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22
Q

LC50

LD50

A

Lethal Concentration
Lethal Dose

-kills 50% of subjects given to

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23
Q

MW

A

Molecular weight of product

MW air=29

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24
Q

RgasD

A

Relative Gas Density (compared to air)

Vapor Density

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25
Q

Vapor Pressure

A

How bas something wants to turn into a gas at room temperature and pressure.

(IUPAC = 68 degrees F/20 degrees C; 1 atm/sea level)

Volatility is 180; greater than 180 is more volatile

Liquid at room temp<760mm/Hg(1 atm)

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26
Q

greater than _______ mm/Hg vapor pressure is more volatile

A

180

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27
Q

Liquid at room temp

A

760mm/Hg(1 atm)

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28
Q

1300 rule

A

VP x 1300 = PPM in closed container

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29
Q

above ______ is soluble for our purposes

A

10%

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30
Q

placards go on _______; labels go on _________

A
  • vehicles

- containers

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31
Q

Table 1 is ________; Table 2 is greater than ________`

A
  • any amount

- exceeds 1001 lbs

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32
Q

TIH/PIH

A

Toxic Inhalation Hazard or Poisonous Inhalation Hazard

-highlighted green

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33
Q

IDLH

A

Vapor or Gas

30 min positive exposure = death or irreversible injury

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34
Q

coagulative necrosis

A
  • with acids

- not deep and hurts

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35
Q

liquifactive necrosis

A
  • skin feels soapy

- continues to penetrate till used up

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36
Q

health diamond toxic is

A

3 and 4 for our purposes

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37
Q

states of matter

A
  • liquid
  • solid
  • gas

*matter has mass an occupies space

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38
Q

different phases/states of matter basically how…

A

close molecules are together

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39
Q

what cause phase changes between states of matter?

A
  • heat
  • pressure
  • chemical reactions
40
Q

Vapor

A

gas exists as a gas at room temperature. vapors come off of liquid when heat or pressure applied.

41
Q

sublimation

A

solid to gas

42
Q

deposition

A

gas to solid

43
Q

melting

A

solid to liquid

44
Q

freezing

A

liquid to solid

45
Q

evaporation

A

liquid to gas

46
Q

condensation

A

gas to liquid

47
Q

if you add pressure it _________ boiling temperature

A

increases

48
Q

2 ways to make gas a liquid

A
  • cooling (cryogenic)

- pressure (propane tank)

49
Q

chemical asphixiant

A
  • interferes with bodies ability to use O2 (greater affinity)
  • ie- carbon monoxide, cyanide
50
Q

odor threshold

A

amount that needs to be in air to smell it

*odor threshold could be equal to LEL so we don’t use nose/ot

51
Q

olfactory fatigue

A

after certain amount won’t smell it anymore

52
Q

PH

A

-how basic (more than 7) or acidic (less than 7) something is

-logarythmic scale
(8 is 10x moe basic than 7, 9 is 100x more basic than 7, 10 is 1000x more basic than 7; 6 is 10x more acidic than 7, 5is 100x more acidic than 7)

53
Q

bases

A

alkaline

caustics

54
Q

element

A

something that can’t be broken down to anything else

55
Q

compound

A

chemically joined elements

56
Q

atom

A

smallest unit of an element

57
Q

molecule

A

singular atoms or elements joined together

58
Q

atoms made of

A
  • protons (positive charge)
  • neutrons
  • electrons (negative charge)
59
Q

atomic number

A

number of protons/electrons

60
Q

atomic number

A

number of protons/electrons

61
Q

________ defines elements

A

number of protons

62
Q

atomic mass

A

of protons + Neutrons

63
Q

________ are inside a molecule; _________ circle around outside

A
  • protons and neutrons

- electrons

64
Q

AMU

A

atomic mass units

-used to measure atomic mass

65
Q

avagadro’s number

A

MOL–>6.022 x 10^23

66
Q

4 H MEDIC ANNA

A

-13 gasses lighter than air

  • Hydrogen
  • Helium
  • Hydrogen Cyanide
  • Hydrogen Fluoride
  • Methane
  • Ethylene
  • Diborane
  • Illuminating Gases
  • Carbon Monoxide
  • Accetylene
  • Neon
  • Nitrogen
  • Ammonia
67
Q

Diatomic elements

A

-Have 2 atoms

HAVE NO FEAR OF ICE COLD BEER

  • Hydrogen (H2)
  • Nitrogen (N2)
  • Fluoride (F2)
  • Oxygen (O2)
  • Iodine (I2)
  • Chlorine (Cl2)
  • Bromine (Br2)
68
Q

Inert Gases

A

(stable) Have all of their valence shells full.

* everything wants to trend towards stability

69
Q

electronegativity

A

-the likelihood that one element will grab an electron from another one.

70
Q

Ion

A

charged atom or molecule. It is charged because the number of electrons do not equal the number of protons in the atom or molecule.

71
Q

cation

A

positively charged atom or molecule

72
Q

anion

A

negatively charge atom or molecule

73
Q

Ionic Bonds

A
  • type of inorganic bond
  • transfer of electrons

*Ionic bonds are between a metal and non metal

74
Q

Ionic bonds are between a …

A

metal and non metal

75
Q

Oxydation reduction reaction

A

an element that loses an electron has been oxidized

76
Q

elements that gain an electron become _________

A

negatively charged

77
Q

elements that lose an electron become _________

A

positively charged

78
Q

Cations are always listed ________ Anions

A
  • before

ie: Sodium Chloride Na+Cl-

79
Q

binary salt

A
  • metal + nonmetal with no oxygen
  • ends in “ide”

*FOR THE HAZARDS OF BINARY SALTS, LOOK IT UP.

80
Q

For the hazards of binary salts…

A

look it up

81
Q

if you see something with a high boiling point it is most likely a…

A

binary salt

82
Q

Polarity

A
  • stuff that’s polar mixes with other stuff that polar

- stuff that’s non-polar mixes with non-polar stuff

83
Q

Characteristics of binary salts (4)

A

1) High boiling point
2) soluble
3) Polar
4) Solids

84
Q

4 binary salts that have significant hazards that you need to know (for others “LOOK IT UP”)

A

NORTH CAROLINA HIGHWAY PATROL

  • Nitrides +H2O–> Ammonia Gas (NH3)
  • toxic & flammable (will hot IDLH before flammability)
  • Carbides +H2O–> Acetylene gas
  • extremely WFR (wide flammable range); 2.5-100%
  • Hydrids +H2O–> Hydrogen gas
  • flammable 4-74%
  • Phosphides +H2O–> PhosPHENE Gas
  • Toxic in small doses (IDLH 50PPM); just as toxic as cyanide
85
Q

Metal oxide salt

A

any metal from left side of table + oxygen

86
Q

what happens when you add H2O to metal oxide salt?

A
  • gives off heat and

- caustic liquid runoff

87
Q

Metal Peroxide Salt

A

Metal + 2 Oxygen

88
Q

what happens when you add H2O to metal peroxide salt?

A
  • heat
  • CLR (caustic liquid runoff)
  • liberates O2 (bigger fire); oxygen gas
89
Q

Metal Hydroxide Salt

A

metal + polyatomic Ion (OH)- or (hydrogen & oxygen ionic bond aka hydroxide ion)

90
Q

OH- behaves like a …

A

nonmetal

91
Q

what happens when you add H2O to metal hydroxide salt?

A
  • heat

- clr (*MOST CAUSTIC LIQUID RUNOFF)

92
Q

typically metals ______ electrons while non metals _______ electrons

A
  • give away

- take

93
Q

Cyanide Salts

A

Metal + (CN)-

*must keep ph above 10 to keep it from becoming HCN (gas)

94
Q

what happens when you add H2O to cyanide salt?

A

HCN Hydrogen Cyanide Gas with IDLH of 50PPM

95
Q

ammonium salts

A

NH4 + Nonmetal

  • Look up specific hazards
  • can be exothermic (heat producing) or endothermic (cold producing; ie-ice packs)
96
Q

what are some hazards of ammonium salts?

A
  • can be explosive

- can produce NH3 gas when heated

97
Q

what are some hazards of ammonium salts?

A
  • can be explosive

- can produce NH3 gas when heated

Hazardous Materials Training (3 decks)

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