Final Exam POLI 283 Flashcards

Question

Globalization and Fragmentation: World Politics and Economics: The Cold War

Answer 1

- The division of the world along the ideological lines set by the bipolar international system - But conversely the flow of technology and ideas between aligned states. For example the "sponsorship" of communist regimes such as Cuba and Ethiopia by the Soviet Union. Flow of political ideas and technology that increased interconnection between select states.

Answer 2

- Conflict between colonies seeking independence and mother countries. France had a particularly difficult time decolonizing peacefully. From the French Indochina War to the bloody conflict in Algeria France face significant conflict. Countries that fought against independence movements in their colonies characterized the major conflicts in this time period. - Colonization itself is a form of conflict where imperial powers competed and subjugated local populations to enrich themselves and their home countries. - Cooperation: Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 to avoid conflict over competing expansion. Spain got all lands West and Portugal got all lands East of the line.

Answer 3

-During the competition for colonies which was seen as zero-sum rush over limited resources, the international system was entirely anarchic. It was a scramble for land and resources and lacked any predictability. The colonization of Africa was initially anarchic but as Japan and Germany were stripped of their colonies post WWI the colonial world began to settle momentarily. The sun never set on the British Empire. Momentary order as Britain is the undeniable Imperial hegemon.

Answer 4

-Cooperation: in 1991 George Bush Sr. envisioned a system in which states would cooperate against common threats. Declared the establishment of A New World Order. Less confrontational and more cooperative. Establishment of the European Union (1993), a economic and political agreement with a single market for capital, goods, services and labour. Common currency in 2002. Dissolution and ethnic war in Yugoslavia. Unorganized and unsuccessful response but a response nonetheless because "we can't tolerate this in Europe." -Limits to collective security include the free rider problem (want action but don't want to be the ones to do it) and national sovereignty

Answer 5

-World wide economic liberalization post Cold War. End of History thesis by Francis Fukuyama -Spread of Western ideals and culture. -U.S Economic Hegemony and the role of the US as stewards of an increasingly integrated international economic system . Dominant reserve currency and the integration of world markets made conflict more costly. The use of technology and massive popular protests spread across borders during the Arab Spring As a response to the Debt Crisis in the EU, affected states such as Italy and Greece began advocating for fragmentation through Anti EU and anti refugee movements.

Answer 6

Conflict: Gulf War; when Iraq invaded and annexed Kuwait in attempt to gain a dominant position in the Persian Gulf where there were considerable oil reserves. US led coalition approved y the US resulting in a swift victory. Dissolution of Yugoslavia and the resulting ethnic war in the 1990's. Genocide in Rwanda, Individual: Mohamed Farah Aideed and other competing warlords using famine as a weapon in Somalia in the early 90's. War in Iraq. George Bush characterizes Iraq as part of the axis of evil to shift peoples perceptions. Coalition of the willing aka the U.S and its friends with NO UN approval. Arab Spring- domestic conflicts between dictators and populist movements

Answer 7

-Anarchy: the US invading Iraq in 2003 without UN approval. Long term effects in the region Failure of the UN in multiple conflicts, Rwanda, Somalia, Yugoslavia Order: US dominance in global trade and finance early 21st century

Answer 8

- Cooperation to fight climate change and Nuclear Nonproliferation. Economic cooperation among other things reducing the number of interstate wars. - Conflict: restriction of access to key natural resources by OPEC. Political will and willingness to resist classical example of Vietnam

Answer 9

Cooperation: New nuclear zero with Obama administration. Sharing of intelligence and technology in the face of transnational organizations. The creation of the African Union and their intervention in regional conflicts such a Somalia and Sudan. Conflict: China's territorial disputes in the South China Sea and with Taiwan. Initial threat with the Trump administration by calling Taiwan and jeopardizing the 1 China policy. Individual: North Korea's Kim Jong-un wants to prove himself to the military to establish leadership. Show he isn't afraid to go to war to defend sovereignty with nuclear weapons to do so.

Answer 10

-The US pivot to Asia beginning with the Obama administration. China is the largest holder of US debt. Economic interdependence. Despite China's large military, the globalized economy prevents conflict.

Answer 11

- Anarchy, the inability of China to respond effectively to North Korea's increased shows of aggression. The new Trump administration. - Order: international economic order between China and the US

Answer 12

-All states engage in trade to overcome different allocations of resources. Ricardo's Model of Trade illustrates the mutual gains and specialization that arise from trade. Conflict: Use of tariffs and subsidies as weapons. Protection of domestic industries such as the Canadian dairy sector.

Answer 13

- Globalized international trade. Interdependence | - Fragmentation: withdrawal from free trade to protect domestic industries.

Answer 14

-Anarchy: the currency speculation market is extremely unstable. Resulted in the Asian Market Crisis for the East Asian Tigers.

Answer 15

- Cooperation: international organizations link economic development and the environment. NGO's such as the Sierra Club. There have been numerous UN conflicts regarding water since 1977. Working on issues such as deforestation and pollution require cooperation. - Conflict: food distribution and the strain of clean water on the growing population. Competing claims over water may lead to war. Prevalence of trans-boundary basins. Problem with food distribution not the amount of food. The chronic hunger cycle, diseases reduced ability to work affects country economies. Women preferentially more affected. All renewable energy sources are expensive for developing countries. Nuclear energy is clean but disastrously dangerous