FINAL EXAM PART 2

Question 1

1. Define gender non-conforming, transgender, cisgender, transitioning and two-spirited.

Answer 1

Gender Non conforming:
people whos sex/gender assigned at birth does not align with their gender expression and/or identity

Transgender:
when a persons assigned gender differs from their gender identity.
Undergo hormone replacement medication or surgery

Cisgender:
someone who is not trans, or gender non-conforming

Transitioning:
process through which trans people start to move away form their gender and towards their gender identiy/expression

Two-Spirited: people who had both male and female spirits

Question 2

2. What is intersectionality?

Answer 2

Suggests that people who are multiply oppressed experience entirely
new and complex forms of marginalization
Highlights the ways in which systems of oppression based on
race, class, gender, ability, religion, citizenship status, and
sexual/gender identity, intersect resulting in a complex set of
relations of power

Question 3

3. How does an understanding of social location help us to effectively support marginalized groups?

Answer 3

understanding social location allows us to witness how these different positions intersect and operate at structural and institutional levels and they are experienced by people in their daily lives

Question 4

4. Describe structural violence and institutional power.

Answer 4

Institutional Power:

Could be related to decision making power, the power to distribute resources, the power t o accept or deny access to specific programs or services, the power to include or exclude information in a clients file and so forth

Question 5

5. Historically, what where health and social services focused on when understanding the needs of LGBTQA2S+ peoples?

Answer 5

Until recently, most knowledge concerned with
the health and social needs of
the LGBTQ+ population focused on HIV prevention and
treatment.

Question 6

6. Name barriers that queer and Trans people experience in service settings.

Answer 6

A major barrier involves changing their legal name and
sex designation.
Another barrier is trans-specific health care including hormone-
replacement therapy and trans-specific surgery.
May require out-of-pocket costs
Must be diagnosed with gender dysphoria

Question 7

7. What is the Continuum of Attitudes towards sexual and gender differences?

Answer 7

LGBTQ+ people living with HIV experience stigma and
discrimination, yet we know that anyone can become
infected with HIV.

Question 8

8. Define homophobia, heterosexism, and microaggressions.

Answer 8

Homophobia:
irrational fear, hatred, and intolerance of lesbian, gay and bisexual people

Heterosexism:
Assumption that heterosexuality is natural and the norm and that any other form of sexual identity or expression is inferior

Microaggressions: indignities (unintentional/intentional) hostile, derogatory, or negative slights and insults

Question 9

1. What are the basic tenets of Old Age Security?

Answer 9

• must have resided in canada from 18 for over 40 plus years
• if you resided for 10 years u recieve partial benefits
• less than 10 years you get nothing

Question 10

2. How are community supports for older adults made sustainable?

Answer 10

Give: transportation, meal delivery, adult day programs, friendly visiting services, and maintenance and support

fundraising
user fees
volounteerism

Question 11

3. What are the causes of elder abuse?

Answer 11

Caregiver stress
Conjugal violence
Reverse abuse
Ageism

Question 12

4. Outline the micro and macro theories of aging.

Answer 12

Micro Theories of Aging:

Activity theory: Proposes that positive aging occurs when older adults stay active and maintain social connections

Successful Aging: Views positive aging as the prevention of functional decline and engagement in meaningful activities, assumes that societies cannot successfully interfere with aging

Selective optimization with compensation: A positive
coping process of aging, advocates for compensation, selection, and optimization

Developmental psychology: Views aging as one of a
series of life stages with associated tasks

Macro Theories of Aging

Macro theories are important because:
- Provide a lens to examine inequities in the
aging experience
- Identify vulnerable groups of older adults
-Help us understand why older adults define themselves in particular ways
Life-course perspective: Views aging as a process that spans the life course

Political economy of aging: A theory that emphasizes the broad implications of political and economic forces that contribute to constructions of old age and aging

Question 13

5. What is the successful aging paradigm?

Answer 13

The Successful Aging Paradigm is a micro theory of social work with aging populations. Successful aging views positive aging as the prevention of functional decline and engagement in meaningful
activities.

Question 14

6. Provide an overview of Canadas’ aging population.

Question 15

1. Define international social work, globalization, indigenization and human rights.

Answer 15

International social work:Tend to fall within the
realm of direct practice with international populations.Serve as a lens through which to view and guide one’s work and practice
There is no singular or universal definition of the concept of “international social work”.

Globalization: economic process including breaking down of borders and barriers to international trade but can also describe economic, political, social, technological, and cultural transformations that lead to greater interconnectedness of people and systems around the world

Indigenization: is a concept used to refer to the adaptation of theories
and practices in social work that are relevant to the local context.

Human Rights:basic rights and freedoms that all people are entitled to regardless of nationality, sex, national or ethnic origin, ability, sexual orientation, gender identity, race, religion, language, or other status

Question 16

2. What is the purpose of the United Nations?

Answer 16

UN agencies such as UNICEF have been involved in the protection of
children in situations of armed violence, the prevention of recruitment,
and in demobilization and reintegration.
Demobilization: the formal and controlled discharge of active combatants
from armed forces or other armed groups.
Reintegration: the process by which ex-combatants acquire civilian status
and gain sustainable employment and income.

Question 17

3. Describe the pros and cons of using a universalistic approach to international social work.

Answer 17

Universalism: the position that states that core values apply to all human beings,
irrespective of their identity (including cultural background or personal
preferences).
Criticisms include:
They are Eurocentric.
They have been criticized by Asian, African, and Indigenous Canadian social workers.
They fail to encompass various components of social work principles in the Global
South.
They reflect the dominance of the Global North.

Question 18

4. What is professional imperialism?

Answer 18

means that the spread of the social work
profession from countries of the Global North to other countries
reflected the colonial and post-colonial political and economic
structures within which it was practiced.

Question 19

5. What are the various barriers to international social work practice?

Question 20

6. What is the function of neo-liberalism in a global context?

Answer 20

Focus on defining and understanding concepts including: universalism, cultural relativism, indigenization, and the export model. These concepts all provide a different view and approach to international social work, which encompass various barriers to successful international social work practice.

Question 21

7. Outline the professional obligations of international social workers.

Answer 21

The Code of Ethics and Values are relevant to the professional obligations of social work. You should have an understanding of the common values, such as integrity, rights, and justice. Additionally, you should be familiar with the global trends that influence international social work, such as impact on social work caseloads, north-south divide, technological advances, social justice and human rights.

Question 22

8. What are the four dimensions of international social work?

Answer 22

Hugman's 
Five-
Dimension 
Definition
Practice of social work in a 
country other than one's own
Practice with immigrants and 
refugees
Working with international 
agencies
Exchanges and collaborations 
between countries
Incorporation of concept of 
globalization