Chapter 1: Historical Foundations of Addressing Needs Flashcards
What are the historical foundations of addressing needs in Canada?
Influences and approaches of: helping and healing
French Speaking communities: French traditions and influence of the Roman Catholic Church
English Speaking Communities: British roots of social welfare in English Canada
What is a common element in indigenous culture?
The medicine Wheel
What are indigenous methods of transmission knowledge of healing?
Ceremonies, Storytelling, sharing circles
What are Inuit caring practices that were performed
Hunters Hunted for the community
Dwellings were commonly shared with extended family
Elders provided counselling to those that identified as needing it - it wouldn’t get to the point where someone had to seek help
Name the foundational principles of IQ
○ Wholeness
○ Balance
○ Connection
○ Harmony
○ Growth
○HealingWhat is Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit (I Q)
→ Foundation of general view knowledge
→ Adopted y Nunavut
→ Contains 4 laws that contribute to living a good life
→ 6 Guiding principles
What are the 4 laws of Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit (I Q)
- Working for the common Good
- Respecting all living things
- Maintaining harmony and balance
- Continually planning and preparing for the future
What are the guiding principles of Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit (I Q)
- Service (Pijitsirarniq)
- Consensus decision-making (Aajiiqatigiingniq)
- Skills and knowledge acquisition (Pilimmaksarniq)
- Collaboration (Piliriqatigiingniq)
- Evironmental stewardship (Avatittinnik Kamattiarniq)
- Resourcefulness (Qanuqtuurniq)
In French historical foundations of social work, What were the sources of provision of relief?
→ Family was primary institution for providing relief
→ Church was secondary source for providing relief
→ They had requirements for relief provision base on ‘Deserving and undeserving’
Explain Benevolent Societies
→ Benevolent societies were supported by private donors and private/public fundraising and were run by middle class white woman
→ Hospitals and hospices also provided care
→ Given the lack of governmental programs for the sick mutual benefits were created : Insurance, welfare, cooperative assistance
→1921 Public Charity Act mandating the government be required to interfere to help those in need
How did the English inspired part of Canada adress poverty and those in need?
- Moral character flaw to be poor
2. They had indoor and Outdoor relief
Define Less eligibility, outdoor relief, and indoor relief
Indoor relief: Assistance provided in an institutional setting (poorhouse, almshouse, or workhouse)
Outdoor relief: Material assistance given to individuals and families in their own homes
Principle of less eligibility: the standard of living of an individual receiving public assistance or the conditions of work (e.g., workhouse conditions) had to be less favorable than what a laborer would receive who worked the lowest-paying labor market job
What is the Elizabethan Poor law?
Access to Work Houses
How did charity organization view and distribute provisions relief
→ Poor families viewed as dysfunctional within a well-functioning society
→ Used a “scientific approach” to poor relief
→ Shift from MORAL JUDGEMENT to SCIENTIFIC APPROACH
What is Mary Richmond Known for
Social Case Work
What work did Mary do with Social Casework
○ Collection of detailed data and “social evidence”
○ Application of “objective” evaluation of causes of povertyInfluenced by Social Darwinism
What is social Darwinism
the belief that indiscriminate relief would weaken a person’s moral character, leading to the weakening of society; those who were poor were “unfit,” while those who were wealthy were not only “fit” but possessed higher moral character.
Basically believed that poor people were not good enough than the wealthier people
What is Social Case Work?
Addressing an issue by systematically gathering detailed data regarding an individual’s environment and
analyzing the data, followed by making data-based diagnosis and treatment plan
method of investigation
Richmonds goal was to identify, diagnose, and treat individual level problems
What were the settlement house? What were there perspectives on poor people and what are they popul for?
○ Educated volunteers who lived in “settlement houses” in the community and together worked to improve conditions through social, economic, and political means.
○ Volunteers moved into impoverished communities to see what is going on
Jane Addams and Hull House
What influence did religion and provision of relief have?
Social Gospel Movement
What is the Social Gospel Movement
→ An integrated theological and social movement centered on social development and change.
→ Roots of social work lie in religious congregation members’ participation in poverty relief.
Religious organizations are integral in provision of social services and access to community programs.
What is family Ethic?
Family ethic:
A perspective that began in the colonial era defining a woman’s role solely as a wife and mother
What is a welfare state?
Welfare State: A country in which the government assumes responsibility for ensuring that its citizens’ basic needs are met
Explain when Canada was in a welfare state
→ Stock market crash (1929) and agriculture failures
→ Large numbers of people out of work
→ Previous approaches to relief no longer sufficient
Welfare state developed in response to national crisis
What interferes with the loss of residential schools?
→ Residential schools
→ Systematic removal of children
→ Denial of identity, language, and spiritual belief
→ Diffusion of cultural characteristics
→Colonization
Elaborate social rights for men
Social rights for men were based off their participation in labour markets.
Elaborate social rights for women
Social rights for women were grounded in status as mother and caregiver
Females were treated based on how their roles related to the family ethic
What is Public Charities Act (1921)
Mandated government to intervene in helping the needy (previously responsibility of the
church)
What is Assistance for Needy Mothers (1937)
Provided assistance to mothers in need
What is Labour Relations Act (1944)
Favored rights of workers to collective bargaining
What is Boucher Report (1963)
Removed evaluation of “morals” as eligibility
for assistance
Define Social Welfare
Organized system that provides social services & programs to assist individuals and families
Define Social Work
A social change - focused profession that works with individuals, families, groups, and communities to enhance their well-being
