Chapter 1: Historical Foundations of Addressing Needs

Question 1

What are the historical foundations of addressing needs in Canada?

Answer 1

Influences and approaches of: helping and healing

French Speaking communities: French traditions and influence of the Roman Catholic Church

English Speaking Communities: British roots of social welfare in English Canada

Question 2

What is a common element in indigenous culture?

Answer 2

The medicine Wheel

Question 3

What are indigenous methods of transmission knowledge of healing?

Answer 3

Ceremonies, Storytelling, sharing circles

Question 4

What are Inuit caring practices that were performed

Answer 4

Hunters Hunted for the community

Dwellings were commonly shared with extended family

Elders provided counselling to those that identified as needing it - it wouldn’t get to the point where someone had to seek help

Question 5

Name the foundational principles of IQ

Answer 5

○ Wholeness
	○ Balance 
	○ Connection 
	○ Harmony 
	○ Growth 
        ○Healing

Question 6

What is Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit (I Q)

Answer 6

→ Foundation of general view knowledge
→ Adopted y Nunavut
→ Contains 4 laws that contribute to living a good life
→ 6 Guiding principles

Question 7

What are the 4 laws of Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit (I Q)

Answer 7

1. Working for the common Good
2. Respecting all living things
3. Maintaining harmony and balance
4. Continually planning and preparing for the future

Question 8

What are the guiding principles of Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit (I Q)

Answer 8

1. Service (Pijitsirarniq)
2. Consensus decision-making (Aajiiqatigiingniq)
3. Skills and knowledge acquisition (Pilimmaksarniq)
4. Collaboration (Piliriqatigiingniq)
5. Evironmental stewardship (Avatittinnik Kamattiarniq)
6. Resourcefulness (Qanuqtuurniq)

Question 9

In French historical foundations of social work, What were the sources of provision of relief?

Answer 9

→ Family was primary institution for providing relief
→ Church was secondary source for providing relief
→ They had requirements for relief provision base on ‘Deserving and undeserving’

Question 10

Explain Benevolent Societies

Answer 10

→ Benevolent societies were supported by private donors and private/public fundraising and were run by middle class white woman
→ Hospitals and hospices also provided care
→ Given the lack of governmental programs for the sick mutual benefits were created : Insurance, welfare, cooperative assistance
→1921 Public Charity Act mandating the government be required to interfere to help those in need

Question 11

How did the English inspired part of Canada adress poverty and those in need?

Answer 11

1. Moral character flaw to be poor

2. They had indoor and Outdoor relief

Question 12

Define Less eligibility, outdoor relief, and indoor relief

Answer 12

Indoor relief: Assistance provided in an institutional setting (poorhouse, almshouse, or workhouse)

Outdoor relief: Material assistance given to individuals and families in their own homes

Principle of less eligibility: the standard of living of an individual receiving public assistance or the conditions of work (e.g., workhouse conditions) had to be less favorable than what a laborer would receive who worked the lowest-paying labor market job

Question 13

What is the Elizabethan Poor law?

Answer 13

Access to Work Houses

Question 14

How did charity organization view and distribute provisions relief

Answer 14

→ Poor families viewed as dysfunctional within a well-functioning society
→ Used a “scientific approach” to poor relief
→ Shift from MORAL JUDGEMENT to SCIENTIFIC APPROACH

Question 15

What is Mary Richmond Known for

Answer 15

Social Case Work

Question 16

What work did Mary do with Social Casework

Answer 16

○ Collection of detailed data and “social evidence”

○ Application of “objective” evaluation of causes of povertyInfluenced by Social Darwinism

Question 17

What is social Darwinism

Answer 17

the belief that indiscriminate relief would weaken a person’s moral character, leading to the weakening of society; those who were poor were “unfit,” while those who were wealthy were not only “fit” but possessed higher moral character.
Basically believed that poor people were not good enough than the wealthier people

Question 18

What is Social Case Work?

Answer 18

Addressing an issue by systematically gathering detailed data regarding an individual’s environment and
analyzing the data, followed by making data-based diagnosis and treatment plan

method of investigation

Richmonds goal was to identify, diagnose, and treat individual level problems

Question 19

What were the settlement house? What were there perspectives on poor people and what are they popul for?

Answer 19

○ Educated volunteers who lived in “settlement houses” in the community and together worked to improve conditions through social, economic, and political means.
○ Volunteers moved into impoverished communities to see what is going on
Jane Addams and Hull House

Question 20

What influence did religion and provision of relief have?

Answer 20

Social Gospel Movement

Question 21

What is the Social Gospel Movement

Answer 21

→ An integrated theological and social movement centered on social development and change.
→ Roots of social work lie in religious congregation members’ participation in poverty relief.
Religious organizations are integral in provision of social services and access to community programs.

Question 22

What is family Ethic?

Answer 22

Family ethic:

A perspective that began in the colonial era defining a woman’s role solely as a wife and mother

Question 23

What is a welfare state?

Answer 23

Welfare State: A country in which the government assumes responsibility for ensuring that its citizens’ basic needs are met

Question 24

Explain when Canada was in a welfare state

Answer 24

→ Stock market crash (1929) and agriculture failures
→ Large numbers of people out of work
→ Previous approaches to relief no longer sufficient
Welfare state developed in response to national crisis

Question 25

What interferes with the loss of residential schools?

Answer 25

→ Residential schools

→ Systematic removal of children

→ Denial of identity, language, and spiritual belief

→ Diffusion of cultural characteristics 

    →Colonization

Question 26

Elaborate social rights for men

Answer 26

Social rights for men were based off their participation in labour markets.

Question 27

Elaborate social rights for women

Answer 27

Social rights for women were grounded in status as mother and caregiver

Females were treated based on how their roles related to the family ethic

Question 28

What is Public Charities Act (1921)

Answer 28

Mandated government to intervene in helping the needy (previously responsibility of the
church)

Question 29

What is Assistance for Needy Mothers (1937)

Answer 29

Provided assistance to mothers in need

Question 30

What is Labour Relations Act (1944)

Answer 30

Favored rights of workers to collective bargaining

Question 31

What is Boucher Report (1963)

Answer 31

Removed evaluation of “morals” as eligibility

for assistance

Question 32

Define Social Welfare

Answer 32

Organized system that provides social services & programs to assist individuals and families

Question 33

Define Social Work

Answer 33

A social change - focused profession that works with individuals, families, groups, and communities to enhance their well-being