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Neuroanatomy 1- PCCF tri 1 > final exam (old content) > Flashcards

final exam (old content) Flashcards

1
Q

commissure tracts/fibers

A

white matter that connects contralateral hemispheres

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2
Q

association fibers/tracts

A

white matter that connects different areas of the same hemisphere

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3
Q

projection fibers/tracts

A

white matter that connects the cortex w/other areas in the CNS

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4
Q

frontal lobe function

A

voluntary movement, expressive language, executive function, inhibition, emotional expression (high cognitive function)

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5
Q

parietal lobe function

A

spatial mapping, attention, reading, math, assign meaning (sensory perception + integration)

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6
Q

temporal lobe function

A

recognition of language, object recognition, encoding long term memories (primary auditory cortex)

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7
Q

occipital lobe function

A

visual processing

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8
Q

brodmann’s area 4, 6

A

primary motor cortex

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9
Q

brodmann’s area 3, 1, 2

A

primary somatosensory

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10
Q

brodmann’s area 41

A

primary auditory

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11
Q

brodmann’s area 17

A

primary visual

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12
Q

brodmann’s area 44

A

broca’s area

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13
Q

brodmann’s area 22

A

wernicke’s area

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14
Q

epidural space

A

potential space superficial to dura mater

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15
Q

subdural space

A

potential space deep to dura mater and superficial to arachnoid mater

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16
Q

subarachnoid space

A

actual space between arachnoid + pia mater

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17
Q

CSF flow

A

lateral ventricles > interventricular foramen of monro > 3rd ventricle > cerebral aqueduct > 4th ventricle > lateral foramen of luschka/medial foramen of magendie > central canal

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18
Q

ectoderm gives rise to?

A

neural tissue/skin

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19
Q

mesoderm gives rise to?

A

musculoskeletal systems

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20
Q

endoderm gives rise to?

A

gut

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21
Q

what guides neurulation?

A

notochord

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22
Q

what does the remnant of the notochord become in the adult human?

A

nucleus pulposus

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23
Q

neural crest cell derivatives? (dammmess)

A

dorsal root ganglion, adrenal medulla, melanocytes, meninges, macroglia, enteric ganglia, sympathetic ganglia, schwann cells

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24
Q

anterior spinal artery

A

feeds the thoracic cord + anterior portion of the spinal cord

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25
Q

posterior spinal arteries

A

paired posterior spinal arteries

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26
Q

artery of adamkiewicz

A

dominant segmental feeding vessel to the thoracic cord

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27
Q

what kind of neurons are pseudounipolar neurons

A

sensory neurons

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28
Q

what kind of neurons are bipolar neurons

A

special sensory neurons

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29
Q

what kind of neurons are multipolar neurons

A

motor neurons

30
Q

what allows a nerve to conduct more quickly?

A

diameter and myelin

31
Q

macroglial cells

A

oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, ependymal cells

32
Q

oligodendrocytes

A

produce myelin in the CNS

33
Q

astrocytes

A

stimulate tight junctions. blood brain barrier in CNS

34
Q

ependymal cells

A

produce CSF in ventricles + act as neural stem cells

35
Q

microglia cells function

A

brain development, maintenance of neuronal networks, injury repair

36
Q

microglia cell example

A

phagocytes

37
Q

schwann cells

A

makes myelin in the PNS

38
Q

endoneurium

A

connective tissue layer that surrounds axons

39
Q

fascicle

A

group of axons

40
Q

nerves

A

bundle of axons located in the PNS

41
Q

tracts

A

bundle of axons located inside the CNS

42
Q

perineurium

A

protective sheath covering fascicles

43
Q

epineurium

A

outermost layer that surrounds a peripheral nerve

44
Q

neuropraxia

A

local myelin damage

45
Q

axonotmesis

A

axon severed but endoneurium in tact

46
Q

neurotmesis

A

complete physiologic disruption of entire nerve trunk

47
Q

what is an action potential characterized by

A

influx of Na

48
Q

electrical synapses

A

occur in gap junctions, impulses can be regenerated

49
Q

chemical synapses

A

slower, NT released from synaptic vesicles, vesicles fuse with axon membrane

50
Q

dural venous sinuses

A

valveless venous channels that drain blood from the cranial cavity

51
Q

what is the main return for CSF frlow through the arachnoid granulations?

A

superior sagittal sinus

52
Q

confluence of sinuses is a union of what dural sinuses?

A

superior sagittal sinus, straight sinus, occipital sinus, transverse sinus

53
Q

what is located within the cavernous sinus?

A

CN III, CN IV, CN V1 + V2, CN VI, internal carotid artery (ICA)

54
Q

cerebellum function

A

balance/equilibrium, muscle tone, motor learning (coordinating motor function)

55
Q

horizontal fissure

A

separates the cerebellum into superior and inferior parts

56
Q

primary fissure

A

separates the anterior and posterior lobes

57
Q

posterolateral fissure

A

separates the flocculonodular lobe from the posterior lobe

58
Q

anterior lobe of cerebellum function

59
Q

posterior lobe of cerebellum function

60
Q

superior cerebellar peduncle

A

efferent pathways to the brain

61
Q

middle cerebellar peduncle

A

afferent info from the pons

62
Q

inferior cerebellar peduncel

A

transmits afferent into from the pons

63
Q

dentate nucleus

A

regulates fine control of voluntary movement, cognition, language, sensory functions

64
Q

interposed nucleus

A

responsible for coordinating agonist/antagonist movements

65
Q

fastigial nucleus

A

smallest and most primitive nuclei

66
Q

spinothalamic lesion

A

UMN + LMN lesion. contralateral loss of pain + temp below level of lesion

67
Q

syringomyelia

A

UMN lesion. dilation of central canal. loss of pain + temp bilaterally in cape-like fashion

68
Q

central cord syndrome

A

UMN lesions in upper limbs. caused by hyperextensive injury, cape-like loss of pain + temp

69
Q

ALS

A

UMN + LMN lesion in 3 of the 4 limbs. no initial sensory loss, affects ventral horns + lateral corticospinal tracts

70
Q

brown sequard syndrome

A

both UMN + LMN lesion. contralateral loss of pain + temp below lesion, ipsilateral loss of vibration + proprioception, ipsilateral LMN lesion at level of damage, ipsilateral UMN lesion below level of damage

Neuroanatomy 1- PCCF tri 1 (7 decks)

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