Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

med surge > final exam nurs 350 > Flashcards

final exam nurs 350 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the causes of hypovolemia?

A

diarrhea, vomiting, suctioning, elderly, infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of hypo-volemia?

A

tinting of the skin, hypotension, dry mucous membranes, chapped lips

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what lab values do you watch out for hypovolemia?

A

increased lab values of hgb and hct

increased sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what causes confusion in the elderly?

A

fluid imbalance, UTI, hormonal changes, and fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

define community acquired pneumonia

A

occurs within the first 48 hours after hospitalization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of pneumonia?

A

sudden onset of chills, rapidly rising fever and chest pain

pleuritic-type pain, fatigue, tachypnea, the use of accessory muscles for breathing, bradycardia or relative bradycardia, coughing, and purulent sputum

if pt is really ill then he has tachypnea, sob, and use of accessory muscles in respiration

FOR OLD PEOPLE: important to assess older adult patients for unusual behavior, altered mental status, dehydration, excessive fatigue, and concomitant heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the nursing interventions for pneumonia?

A
  • Removing secretions
  • high-humidity facemask
  • Chest physiotherapy
  • After each position change, the nurse encourages the patient to breathe deeply and cough
  • PROMOTE FLUID INTAKE
  • maintain nutrition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Order of starting IVs and drawing labs

A
  • check for providers orders
  • gather supplies, examine skin
  • apply tourniquet
  • cleanse
  • insert
  • release tourniquet
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what do you do before giving an antibiotic to a patient?

A

grab a culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the nurse predict for order after assessing the patient?

A

Diagnosis–> planning–> intervention –> evaluation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the two types of COPD? How do they present differently?

A

Bronchitis - productive cough, blue bloats, sob, cyanosis,

Emphysema - dry cough, pink puffers, hyperventilation, barrel chest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the first line drug for an asthma attack?

A

albuterol (SABA) or LABA then give them steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

medications for COPD

A

bronchodilators, corticosteroids, theophylline, Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

interventions for copd

A
  • respiratory assessment; lung sounds, sputum, production, keep O2 stat
  • pursed lip diaphragmatic breathing
  • administer O2 as prescribed
  • administer SHORT acting ALBUTEROL (bronchodilator)
  • as needed inhalers
  • –> acute episodes is short acting
  • –> chronic episode is long acting
  • –> corticosteroids: decrease inflammation, decreased mucous production
  • *** rinse mouth after corticosteroids inhaler
  • stop smoking bruh
  • nutrition needs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

interventions for pneumonia

A
  • monitor lung sounds (coarse crackles, wheezes)
  • monitor ABG results
  • color of skin (cyanotic)
  • SUCTION
  • educating on incentive spirometer usage
  • stay hydrated

-medications include antipyretics, antibiotics, antivirals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the labs for coumadin?

A

this is WARFARIN so check for INR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

labs for heparin?

A

aPTT and INR

18
Q

how to manage afib

A

start them on anticoagulants bc they have risk of developing blood clots

19
Q

signs and symptoms of pulmonary edema

A

PE is frothy pink sputum

COPD is coughing up gunk

20
Q

first line drug for type 2 diabetics

A

metformin

21
Q

Symptoms of peritonitis

A

fever, cloudy drainage, tachycardia

22
Q

medications you hold before hemodialysis

A 
-antihypertensives 
(ACES and ARBS) 
-beta blockers 
-ca cannel blockers ( dilatezem, biferdipine) 
-diuretics 
-dilators (nitrglyercine 
-antibiotics 
-digoxin 
-water soluble vitamins (B< C< folic acid)
23
Q

risk factors of pulmonary embolism

A
  • atherosclerosis

- smoking

24
Q

goal for hypertensive crisis

A

goal BP is reducing by 20-25% initially (within the first 4 hours) - then over next 6 hours keep reducing

25
Q

modifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis

A

Hyperlipidemia

Cigarette smoking, tobacco use

Hypertension

Diabetes

Metabolic syndrome

Obesity

Physical inactivity

26
Q

how do you recognize organ damage with hypertension

A

eye examination with an ophthalmoscope is particularly important because retinal blood vessel damage indicates similar damage elsewhere in the vascular system. The patient is questioned about blurred vision, spots in front of the eyes, and diminished visual acuity. The heart, nervous system, and kidneys are also carefully assessed. Any significant findings are promptly reported to determine whether additional diagnostic studies are required.

27
Q

how do you manage urinary retention

A

The detrusor muscle after a while gets neurologically injured - they might have difficulty voiding or completely emptying bladder
When catheter comes out - put pt on voiding schedule and scan bladder after they void (anything greater than 200mL have to straight cath to get out rest)

28
Q

name conduction blocks

A

Conduction blocks - type 1 2 and 3
QRST without atrial conduction bc its getting conduction from other areas of the heart
1st degree - no symptoms really, don’t typically treat
2nd degree -
3rd degree - medical emergency, if they LOC - call code start CPR (don’t get EKG b4 lol)

29
Q

position best for patients with copd

A

tripod position

30
Q

renal cancer treatment

A

Treated with renal artery embolization

31
Q

what labs will change for diabetes insipidus?

A

urinalysis

32
Q

what are you looking for radical dissection?

A

airway problems

33
Q

Addisonian crisis - causes of flare

A

the cold, stress, trauma, infection

34
Q

what is pheochromocytoma?

A

adrenal medulla tumor

35
Q

management of pre and post op of Pheochromocytoma

A

. Nursing Management - Preoperative
1. Reduce stressors to prevent thyroid storm
2. Teach how to support neck post operatively to insure adequate healing of incision site
G. Nursing Management - postoperative
1. Bleeding at incision site
2. VS
3. Pain, swelling or pressure at surgical site may indicate hematoma formation
4. Tracheostomy set is kept at bedside if difficulty breathing develops from swelling or hematoma formation *NOTIFY SURGEON.

36
Q

which medications to hold the day of dialysis

A

antihypertensives (ace and arbs) and anticoagulants (heparin, warfarin)

37
Q

how do treat Dka

A

fluid replacement first then replacing electrolytes - monitor for hypokalemia and electrolytes) ekg

38
Q

signs and symptoms of parathyroid injury

A

Monitor blood calcium levels

-evidence of TETANY ( hyper irritability of nerves, spasms of hands and feet, muscle twitching). Notify surgeon, look for signs of layngospasym, infusion of calcium gluconate.

39
Q

Radical neck dissection nursing interventions

A

MAINTAINING AIRWAY CLEARANCE
After the endotracheal tube or airway has been removed and the effects of the anesthesia have worn off, the patient may be placed in the Fowler position to facilitate breathing and promote comfort.

40
Q

what are the manifestations of diabetes inspidus

A

dry inside= diabetes inspidus

siadh= soaked

med surge (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions