Final Exam- Non Cumulative Flashcards
(49 cards)
Describe the Milgram experiments…..
- showed that people are obedient
- happened in the 1960s
- 65% of participants went to max voltage
- not ethical
Term for when we “return the favor”. If someone does something nice for me, I’ll do something nice for them. (can also be negative)
Reciprocity norm
What do norms predict?
Behavior
Why do norms predict behavior?
-internalization
- because of frequent activation the behaviors become system 1 and are easily activated
- promised reward for following norms (and threatened punishment)
Loosening of normal behavior constraints. The group norms become dominant.
Deindividuation
The dominant response is strengthened in the presence of others
Social Facilitation
Why does social facilitation happen?
We are physically aroused in the presence of others and our awareness increases
When an individual gives less effort in groups. As the number of people increases, individual effort decreases
Social Loafing
People rely on each other in groups
Social Interdependance
Dilemma where the best individual outcome is the worst for the group so everyone should compromise, but they rarely do.
Prisoners Dilemma
Dilemma where shared resources function until someone gets greedy and takes too much and then the entire group suffers
Tragedy of the Commons
Dilemma where there is a free service and an option to contribute, but the service can’t continue if no one chooses to contribute
Public Goods
How social dilemmas can be overcome…
non anonymity
emphasis on personal responsibility
Types of Aggression
1) Hostile
2) Instrumental
Type of aggression characterized by hot, impulsive behavior. People act with the desire to hurt.
Hostile
Type of aggression characterized by cold, premeditative behavior used as a means to an end (calculated, planned).
Instrumental
Theory of aggression that says aggression is caused by frustration and negative feelings. The frustration causes anger which is directed towards the cause.
Frustration and Negative Emotions Theory
Aggression comes from the release of hormones as a biological response to a stimulus (testosterone)
Biological Theory
Aggression is learned by witnessing the responses of others. (If parents react with violence kids will too)
Social Learning Theory
Influence on aggression:
-aversive incidents
-groups increase aggression
-culture of honor justifies aggression
-violent media increases aggression
Relationship between media and aggression:
- 60% of media contains violence
-the more violent programs kids watch, the more aggression they display (correlation not causation)
How to reduce aggression:
- social learning: model non aggressive behavior by responding non aggressively to frustrating stimuli
-not reinforcing aggressive behavior in kids
-modeling empathy and empathetic responses
Theory of helping that says we help because of evolutionary psychology. Instinct and genes are the strongest factors
Biological Theory
Theory of helping that says human interactions are transactional. We act in a way that will maximize rewards and minimize costs
Social Exchange Theory