Final Exam (non-cum)

Question 1

• Understand the difference between a limited developmental disorder and a pervasive developmental disorder as discussed in the text. What are examples of each?

Answer 1

o Limited- one area of function is affected but not others (learning disorders)
o Pervasive- delays evident in many areas and interfere with ability to communicate with or function independently of others (autism)

Question 2

• Know the 3 criteria for Intellectual Disability –

Answer 2

o Deficits in intellectual functions
o Deficits in adaptive functioning
o Onset during the developmental period

Question 3

• Know criteria A and B for Autism Spectrum Disorder

Answer 3

o Social deficits (empathy, nonverbal communication, relationships)
o Restrictive/repetitive behaviors/interests (routines, abnormal interests, hypo/hypersensitive to sensory input

Question 4

• How is Asperger’s Disorder categorized in the DSM-V?

Answer 4

o Level 1 autism spectrum

Question 5

• Understand Applied Behavior Analysis. What disorder is it used to treat, according to the lecture?

Answer 5

o How behavior is affected by environment (Denver early start model)

Question 6

• Be familiar with the symptoms of the following disorders so that you could identify the disorder if given a description of someone with the symptoms:
o Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Answer 6

• 6 criteria total, one or the other or both
• inattention
• hyperactivity/impulsivity

Question 7

o Oppositional Defiant Disorder – list of cognitive styles, verbal aggression

Answer 7

• Persistent angry mood
• Mood (temper, annoyed, often angry/resentful)
• Behavior (argumentative with authority, refuses to comply, deliberately annoys/blames others
• Vindictiveness (2x in 6mo)

Question 8

o Conduct Disorder – list of behaviors, acting out physically

Answer 8

• Extereme, bullying, fights, cruel, steals, rapes, destructive, run away

Question 9

• How do children sometimes express intrusion symptoms of PTSD as explained in Lucy’s lecture? (If you are not sure you can look in the DSM description for this answer)

Answer 9

o Repetitive play, nightmares, dissociation, distress at reminders, physiological activity

Question 10

• Be familiar with Developmental Trauma Disorder - Proposed for DSM-5 but was not accepted - Know that when a child has experienced multiple traumas they can have symptoms similar to disruptive mood disorders such as:

Answer 10

o Inability to moderate emotions, aggression towards peers, preoccupation with threat, Worthlessness, lack of empathy for others.

Question 11

• Know the following terms:

Answer 11

o Genderqueer or Gender Creative- beyond 2 genders
o Sex-biological characteristics
o Transgender- different than role assigned at birth
o Transitioning- changing presentation to match internal sense
o Gender Dysphoria- intense emotional distress in relation to living assigned gender role

Question 12

• Understand the Cultural Context for Gender Dysphoria as described in the lecture.

Answer 12

o Limited gender options in culture, strict gender roles, heteronormativity

Question 13

• Gender Dysphoria Disorder - Be familiar with the criteria. Why is it categorized as a disorder?

Answer 13

o Incongruence, desire to be rid of gender, desire for other gender characteristics, desire to be other, desire to be treated as other, conviction other gender is better fit + significant distress/impairment- helps person receive treatment & support with label

Question 14

• Gender Dysphoria – understand the Role of the Therapist as described in the lecture.

Answer 14

o Support, clarify feelings, psychoeducation about process/timing, support person as they experience effect of hormones, support coming out process, family therapy

Question 15

• What is the referral letter for medical procedures? Why is it required?

Answer 15

o Mental disorders complicate decision and tx options, lack of concerns at this time that would complicate process
Chapter 9 and Substance Use Disorders

Question 16

• Substance Use Disorder - Be familiar with the criteria.

Answer 16

The lecture presented the criteria as related to 3 areas: Inability to control use, Impaired life functioning and Physical dependency- meets two of criteria in 12 month period
• The text describes Substance Withdrawl Disorder and lists a well-known and dangerous feature of alcohol withdrawal. What is it?
o Delirium Tremens- severe confusion, autonomic overactivity-sweating, heart palpitations, sweating
• Biology of Addiction
o Generally understand the role of dopamine and the mesolimbic system.
• Reward system, dopamine affected by addictive substances, repeat activity for dopamine reward- childhood trauma leads to fewer dopamine receptors
o Understand the role of the hippocampus and amygdala..
• Memory and conditioned learning, helps remember and react to cues that trigger physiological reaction and desire
o Understand the process of increased tolerance.
• Brain restores balance, reduces affected nt’s, makes it harder to achieve highs
• Biological Risk Factors -
o Understand the genetic predisposition: Low Response to Alcohol
• Need more alcohol for normal effects, predicts alcoholism
• Environmental Risk Factors Addiction - Understand the connection between trauma, brain functioning and substance use.
o Childhood trauma disrupts NE & DA functioning, Rat Park- influence of social and env. Factors in animal studies
• ***Be familiar with the 6 stages of the Cycle of Change Addiction
o Precontemplation- no problem
o Contemplation- thinking about change
o Preparation- what can I do, what’s my plan?
o Maintenance- create new behaviors, watch for relapse
o Relapse- fall back into addiction behaviors
o Termination- goal, very few reach
• Harm Reduction - What is the goal? What are ways to reduce harm?
o Ultimately abstinence, but first reduce use/harm
o Substitution therapy (methadone)
o Decriminalization (Portugal)
• What happens in the process of Motivational Interviewing –
o Reflect on positives/negatives of using, identify discrepancies
• Be familiar with the symptoms of Codependency
o Low self-esteem, caretaking, controlling others, dependency on relationships, obsessing over relationships, emotional reactivity to others’ actions and words
• Understand how Harm Reduction could be used by Families of people who are addicted to substances.
o Sets limits without cutting off- figuring out what works for them, separate person from behavior, detatch from outcome, compassion for dilemma
• What is Dual Diagnosis? How common is it?
o Mental illness + addiction, 30% of people with mental illness have substance use disorder; 50% of drug users have another mental disorder
• What is the only behavioral addiction in DSM?
o Gambling disorder