Final Exam - New Material - Exam Qs Flashcards
- Which of the following will have the highest glycemic index?
A. A baked apple B. A baked potato C. An uncooked apple D. An uncooked potato E. Apple juice
E. Apple juice
- Which one of the following statements concerning chylomicrons is CORRECT?
A. Chylomicrons are made inside intestinal cells and secreted into lymph, where they acquire apolipoproteins B and C.
B. The core of chylomicrons contains triacylglycerol and phospholipids
C. The enzyme hormone sensitive lipase acts on chylomicrons to release fatty acids from triacylglycerol when they are bound to the surface of endothelial cells in blood capillaries.
D. Chylomicrons remnants differ from chylomicrons in that they are smaller and contain a lower proportion of triacylglycerol.
E. Chylomicrons will be taken up by the liver.
D. Chylomicrons remnants differ from chylomicrons in that they are smaller and contain a lower proportion of triacylglycerol.
- Plant sterols inhibit the absorption of cholesterol from the gastrointestinal tract. Which of the following best describes how they act?
A. They are incorporated into chylomicrons in place of cholesterol.
B. They compete with cholesterol for the esterification in the intestinal lumen, so that less cholesterol is esterified.
C. They compete with cholesterol for esterification in the mucosal cell, and unesterified cholesterol is actively transported out of the cell into the intestinal lumen.
D. They compete with cholesterol for esterification in the mucosal cell and unesterified cholesterol is not incorporated into chylomicrons.
E. They displace cholesterol from lipid myelin, so that is it not available for absorption.
C. They compete with cholesterol for esterification in the mucosal cell, and unesterified cholesterol is actively transported out of the cell into the intestinal lumen.
- Which of the following vitamins provides the cofactor for reduction reactions in fatty acid synthesis?
A. Folate B. Niacin C. Riboflavin D. Thiamin E. Vitamin B6
B. Niacin
- Deficiency of which one of these vitamins is a major cause of blindness worldwide?
A. Vitamin A B. Vitamin B12 C. Vitamin B6 D. Vitamin D E. Vitamin K
A. Vitamin A
- Deficiency of which one of these vitamins may lead to megaloblastic anemia?
A. Vitamin B6 B. Vitamin B12 C. Vitamin D D. Vitamin E E. Vitamin K
B. Vitamin B12
- Which one of the following is NOT a source of oxygen radicals?
A. Action of superoxide dismutase B. Activation of macrophages C. Nonenzymic reactions of transition metal ions D. Reaction of beta-carotene with oxygen E. Ultraviolet reaction
A. Action of superoxide dismutase
- Which one of the following provides protection against oxygen radical damage to tissues?
A. Action of superoxide dismutase B. Activation of macrophages C. Nonenzymic reactions of transition metal ions D. Reaction of beta-carotene with oxygen E. Ultraviolet reaction
A. Action of superoxide dismutase
- Which one of the following is NOT the result of oxygen radical action?
A. Activation of macrophages
B. Modification of bases in DNA
C. Oxidation of amino acids in apoproteins of LDL
D. Peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids in membranes
E. Strand breaks in DNA
A. Activation of macrophages
- Which one of the following types of oxygen radical damage may lead to the development of autoimmune thyroid disease?
A. Chemical modification of DNA bases in somatic cells
B. Chemical modification of DNA in germ-line cells
C. Oxidation of amino acids in cell membrane proteins
D. Oxidation of amino acids in mitochondrial proteins
E. Oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids in plasma lipoproteins
C. Oxidation of amino acids in cell membrane proteins
- Which one of the following types of oxygen radical damage may lead to the development of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease?
A. Chemical modification of DNA bases in somatic cells
B. Chemical modification of DNA in germ-line cells
C. Oxidation of amino acids in cell membrane proteins
D. Oxidation of amino acids in mitochondrial proteins
E. Oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids in plasma lipoproteins
E. Oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids in plasma lipoproteins
- Which one of the following types of oxygen radical damage may lead to the development of cancer?
A. Chemical modification of DNA bases in somatic cells
B. Chemical modification of DNA in germ-line cells
C. Oxidation of amino acids in cell membrane proteins
D. Oxidation of amino acids in mitochondrial proteins
E. Oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids in plasma lipoproteins
A. Chemical modification of DNA bases in somatic cells
- Which one of the following types of oxygen radical damage may lead to the development of hereditary mutations?
A. Chemical modification of DNA bases in somatic cells
B. Chemical modification of DNA in germ-line cells
C. Oxidation of amino acids in cell membrane proteins
D. Oxidation of amino acids in mitochondrial proteins
E. Oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids in plasma lipoproteins
B. Chemical modification of DNA in germ-line cells
- Which one of the following best explains the antioxidant action of Vitamin E?
A. It forms a stable radical that can be reduced back to active vitamin E by reaction with Vitamin C
B. It is a radial, so that when it reacts with another radical a nonradical product is formed
C. It is converted to a stable radical by reaction with Vitamin C
D. It is lipid soluble and can react with free radicals in the blood plasma resulting from nitric oxide (NO) formation by vascular endothelium
E. Oxidized Vitamin E can be reduced back to active vitamin E by reaction with glutathione and glutathione peroxidase
A. It forms a stable radical that can be reduced back to active vitamin E by reaction with Vitamin C
- Which one of the following is NOT a function of glycoproteins?
A. Anchoring proteins at the cell surface
B. Protecting plasma proteins against clearance by the liver
C. Providing a transport system for folate into cells
D. Providing a transport system for uptake of low-density lipoprotein into the liver
E. Providing cell surface recognition signals
D. Providing a transport system for uptake of low-density lipoprotein into the liver
- Which one of the following is NOT a constituent of glycoproteins?
A. Fructose B. Galactose C. Glucose D. Mannose E. Sucrose
E. Sucrose
- Which of the following is NOT a glycoprotein?
A. Collagen B. Immunoglobulin G C. Serum albumin D. Thyroid stimulating hormone E. Transferrin
C. Serum albumin
- Which of the following is NOT an activity of cytochrome P450?
A. Activation of Vitamin D B. Hydroxylation of steroid hormone precursors C. Hydroxylation of xenobiotics D. Hydroxylation of retinoid acid E. Methylation of xenobiotics
E. Methylation of xenobiotics
- Which of the following best described the reaction of a cytochrome P450?
A. RH+ O2+ NADP+ --> R-OH+ H2O+ NADPH B. RH+ O2+ NAD+ --> R-OH+ H2O+ NADH C. RH+ O2+ NADPH --> R-OH+ H2O+ NADP+ D. RH+ O2+ NADPH --> R-OH+ H2O2+ NADP+ E. RH+ O2+ NADH --> R-OH+ H2O+ NAD+
C. RH+ O2+ NADPH –> R-OH+ H2O+ NADP+
- Which of the following is the preferred lipid component of the cytochrome P450?
A. Dolichol phosphate B. Phosphatidylcholine C. Phosphatidylethanolamine D. Phosphatidylinositol E. Phosphatidylserine
B. Phosphatidylcholine
- Which of the following best describes the drug interaction between phenobarbital and warfarin?
A. Phenobarbital induces CYP2C9, and this results in decreased catabolism of warfarin
B. Phenobarbital induces CYP2C9, and this results in increased catabolism of warfarin
C. Phenobarbital represses CYP2C9, and this results in increased catabolism of warfarin
D. Warfarin induces CYP2C9, and this results in decreased catabolism of phenobarbital
E. Warfarin induces CYP2C9, and this results in increased catabolism of phenobarbital
B. Phenobarbital induces CYP2C9, and this results in increased catabolism of warfarin
- Which of the following best describes the effects of polymorphism of CYP2A6?
A. People with the active allele are less likely to become tobacco-dependent smokers because this cytochrome inactivates nicotine to cotinine.
B. People with the inactive (null) allele are less likely to become tobacco-dependent smokers because this cytochrome inactivates nicotine to cotinine
C. People with the inactive (null) allele are less likely to become tobacco-dependent smokers because this cytochrome activates nicotine to cotinine
D. People with the inactive (null) allele are more likely to become tobacco-dependent smokers because this cytochrome inactivates nicotine to cotinine
E. People with the inactive (null) allele are more likely to become tobacco-dependent smokers because this cytochrome activates nicotine to cotinine
B. People with the inactive (null) allele are less likely to become tobacco-dependent smokers because this cytochrome inactivates nicotine to cotinine
- Which of the following is NOT a function of glutathione?
A. Coenzyme for the reduction of hydrogen peroxide
B. Conjugation of bilirubin
C. Conjugation of some products of phase I metabolism of xenobiotics.
D. Transport of amino acids across cell membranes
E. Transport of bilirubin in the bloodstream
B. Conjugation of bilirubin
