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Equine Production > Final Exam Material > Flashcards

Final Exam Material Flashcards

1
Q

gestation length of a mare is

A

340 +/- 20 days

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2
Q

how does day length affect breeding

A

seasonally polyestrus; longest day = June 21st

Come into heat when day length is longer

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3
Q

Breeding season cycle

A

Winter (Anestrus) –> Spring (resurgence) –> Breeding season –> Fall (receding)

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4
Q

when is the estrous period/ovulatory season

A

mid april - end of september

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5
Q

physiological season

A

when mare (&stallion) is most reproductively efficient

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6
Q

operational season

A

people control breeding season to allow us to organize when horses are being bred and lets us pan to have them born as close to jan 1 as possible

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7
Q

the period from on e ovulation to a subsequent ovulation

A

estrous cycle

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8
Q

estrous cycle in the mare

A

21-23 days
5-7 days estrus
14-16 days diestrus

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9
Q

period of receptivity

A

estrus

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10
Q

when is ovulation

A

last 24-48 hours of estrus

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11
Q

signs of estrus

A

attitude towards stallion; stance; raise tail; urination; winking of vulva

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12
Q

signs of diestrus

A

rejection of stallion; kicking; striking; squealing

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13
Q

receives environmental signals –> sunlight

A

pineal gland
melatonin secretion decreases
GnRH secretion increases

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14
Q

hypothalamus role in estrous

A

gonadotropic releasing hormone GnRH

stimulates the anterior pit. gland to release: FSH and LH

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15
Q

anterior pituitary releases

A

FSH and LH

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16
Q

FSH

A

recruit multiple follicles

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17
Q

LH

A

slower to react to sunlight/daylength; affects ovary; follicular maturation; peaks after ovulation; formation of CL

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18
Q

what causes regression of the CL

A

prostaglandin

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19
Q

fertilized ova pass to the uterus on day

A

6

20
Q

formation of the CL

A

produces progesterone; maternal recognition

21
Q

maternal recognition

A

persistent CL; day 7-16; conceptus motility; affects PGF2alpha

22
Q

placental forms on day

A

25

23
Q

chorionic girdle cells

A

endometrial cups; invades maternal tissue; day 36-40

24
Q

endometrial cups

A

produce eCG; LH like properties increases day 38-40 and peaks at day 6-=70; maintain progesterone; not detectable after 130 days

25
Q

gestation length is affected by

A

sex of foal; mares nutritional status; genotype of foal (mules longer); individual mare (maiden vs first timers, etc)

26
Q

anestrus

A

nov-jan; little ovulation activity; low GnRH

27
Q

spring transition

A

GnRH increases; build up of LH; delay in ovulation; march 21st

28
Q

PMSG

A

pregnant mare serum gonadotropin

maintain progesterone

29
Q

normal cycle

A

4 consecutive days of estrus followed by 8 consecutive days of diestrus

30
Q

teasing mares

A

one of the most important parts of program

31
Q

teasing mares determines

A

stage of estrus; pregnancy

32
Q

teasing methods

A

facilities available; type of mares; # of mares; help available; keep good records; safety issue; time per mare; all mares every day; different places used (stalls, pens, chute)

33
Q

purpose of reproductive management

A

breed earlier, schedule breeding, enhance preg. rate

34
Q

how to manage reproduction

A

lights, hormones, and combination of both

35
Q

transitional mare

A 
seasonal anestrus-->normal cycle
low GnRH
pineal gland responds to day length
response of hypothalamus is different than pituitary gland
GnRH increase is faster
LH increase is slower
36
Q

light therapy

A

16 hrs of light
start now or dec
60-90 d to first ovulation
cant have shadows

37
Q

hormone therapy

A

progesterone, p & e mixed,
regumate (be careful-affects people)
post-treatment - use PGF2alpha last treat day

38
Q

late transitional mare

A

ovarian activity; treat for 12-15 days; 12 days post treat ovulation

39
Q

suppression of estrus

A

need ovarian activity; prolonging diestrus; progesterone

40
Q

progesterone

A

maintenance of pregnancy

41
Q

prostaglandin

A

luteolytic regression of cl

42
Q

sertoli cells

A

sperm production; support spermatogenesis; under the influence of FSH and Testosterone

43
Q

leydig cells

A

secrete steroid hormones: mainly test.

influenced by LH

44
Q

epididymis

A

head, body, tail, maturation of sperm, storage in tail

45
Q

accessory sex glands

A

ampullae, vesicular glands, prostate, bulbourethral

produce seminal plasma

46
Q

Daily sperm production

A

19-20 million per gram

47
Q

factors affecting daily sperm production

A

testicular size (changes with age, sexual maturity 6+ years of age) scrotal width, testicular volume, cryptorchidism

Equine Production (3 decks)

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