Final Exam Made From Class LAB Flashcards
How to calculate lean body mass?
Measured in lbs or kg
THIS IS FAT MASS
(130 lbs (weight) x 12% (body fat percentage) = 15.6 lbs of fat mass)
THIS IS LEAN BODY MASS
130 (Weight) - 15.6 (answer above) = 114.4 lbs of lean body mass
BMI
Body mass index = weight in kg / height in m^2
Ratio b/w someones height and how much they weigh
100 kg/ 3 m^2 =33.3
Lactate Threshold
When lactate production exceeds lactate clearance of >1mM, where exercise intensity is above where ATP can be met aerobically
A higher lactate threshold
increases performance because after the lactate threshold we are close to fatigue
Normal Resting Lactate Values
0.8 - 2.0 mM normal resting values
Where do place all 12 leads and 10 electrodes?
*Especially V chest electrodes
Know how to identify P wave, QRS and T wave
What does the P wave represent?
Atrial Depolarization
What does the QRS wave represent?
Ventricular Depolarization
What does the T wave represent?
Ventrical Repolarization
Consequneces of Dehydration
What does it Effect?
Headache
Dizziness
Impaired cognition
Fatigue
Sweat
Hurt Aerobic Preformance
blood flow from flowing smoothly
Effects thermoregulation
Which causes low levels of plasma which will stress heart (blood composition)
What is the primary energy system was the VO2MAX test?
Oxidative Phosporlation
How to determine heart rate from ECG wave?
Count how many QRS complexes or peaks there are multiple by 10
COPD is an example of what type of respiratory lung pathology?
Obstructive Disorder
BMI DEXA skinfold bodpod
Put in order
Dexa
bodpod
skinfold
BMI
Height affects
lung size
The forestry step test measures ……….. fitness and the domination energy system is the ………
Aerobic
aerobic glycolysis
The Wingggate test measures ……….. fitness and the domination energy system is the ………
Anaerobic
PCR posphocreatine
Which health related fitness component represents the ability of muscle to do work defined as the product of force and velocity?
Muscular Power
ATP-PCR
- High Intensity for 3-7 seconds
- Repeated high intensity efforts of short duration as long as there is enough free- floating ATP and PC in the muscle to provide energy
Glycolysis (aerobic) what’s the end product that would consider aerobic
glycolysis? krebs cycle ETC (i.e leading to oxidative phosphorylation
from CHO) 1 min -3 min
Glucose to 2 pyruvate to lactate or acetochol A
Indications for stopping a ECG test
Subject request
Malfunctioning equitment
Excessive rise in BP
abnormal ECG
Hematocrit Values for Men and Women
Men: 40-54%
Women: 37-47%
levels increase in hemacrit when your dehydrated
Anemia
Deficiency of Hb (hemoglobin) in the blood, which causes too little rbcs or too little Hb
Hypovolemia
Severe Dehydration
low plasma volume (results in a higher RBC count than plasma)
Anaerobic Glycolysis
- High intensity for 7-12 seconds.
- Repeated high intensity efforts when there is insufficient time to recover PC stores and glucose and/or lactate are now used for energy
Aerobic Glycolysis
- Low to submaximal effort for 30 seconds or more.
Blood Pressure Assessment Procedures
- Patient sits for ~2 mins w/ feet flat, legs uncrossed, & arms at heart level
- Wrap cuff on upper arm, 1 inch above antecubital space
- Place bell of stethoscope over the brachial artery
- Inflate cuff to around 180-200 mmHg, depending on population
- Slowly release pressure at 2-4 mmHg per second
- SBP = point at which the first of two or more Korotkoff sounds is heard(phase 1)
- DBP = point before disappearance of Korotkoff Sounds (phase 5)
New Guidelines for Blood Pressure Categories
-Normal : Less than 120 and less than 80
-Elevated: 120-129 and less than 80
-High Blood Pressure stage 1: 130-139 or 80-89
- High blood pressure stage 2: 140 or higher or 90 or higher
- Hypertensive crisis: Higher than 180 and/or Higher than 120
Explanation of protocol for Manual Wingate Test
1) Warm-up (5-min)
1. Include two 15 sec sprints
2. Test (30sec)
3. Cool Down (5 to 10 min)
𝑉O2
The ability of the pulmonary, cardiovascular, and muscular systems to absorb, transport and utilize oxygen
absolute 𝑉O2
L/min total amount of oxegen you breathe in
relative 𝑉O2 ask lindsey
mL/kg/min amount of oxegen you enhale relative to your weight
sub-maximal test,
The testing protocol is performed at a low enough intensity, so the subject does not reach failure during the assessment
𝑉CO2
Volume of CO2
VCO2/VO2
and RER
RER
respiratory exchange ratio
Ratio between amount of CO2 produced and O2 consumed in one breath
1.1 RER ask lindsey
Physiological rationale for 𝑉O2 max testing. Clinical Setting? Performance Setting?
Clinical Setting:
1. Prescribe work rates
2. Monitor the client to make sure they are getting better
Performance Settings:
1. Prescribe work rates in athletic setting
2. Monitor to make sure they are getting better
𝑉O2 max and work rate
higher work rate the higher your VO2 max
𝑉O2 and heart rate
closer to VO2 max closer to heart rate max
𝑉O2 and RER
as VO2 max increases RER increases
measurement of CO2/O2
Running a 𝑉O2 max test from start to finish using any protocol
Bruce protocol
Warm up 3-5 min
Test: 3 min
Speed and grade increase with each stage
electrode placement for chest leads
V1= 4th intercostal space to right of sternum
V2= 4th intercostal space to left of sternum
V3= Midway between V2 and V4
V4= 5th intercostal space at left mid-clavicular line
V5= Left anterior axillary line at level of V4
V6= Left mid-ancillary line at level of V4 and V5
lactate
Anaerobic metabolism is turning on
Lactate is fuel source for brain and heart
Lactate threshold 2.0 I think
Glucose to 2 pyruvate to lactate or acetochol A
Does a higher or lower lactate threshold indicate enhanced performance
Higher
Erythropoietin
increases red blood cells and hemoglobin production
blood composition
1) Red blood cells ( erythrocytes)
2) White blood cells (leucocytes)
3) Platelets ( Thrombocytes)
Effects of severe dehydration
- reduces ICF and ECF
- Thermoregulation can get messed up
- Blood flow can be affected
Factors that affect VO2
Hereditary
Sex
Age 15 through 18
Training status
Mode of exercise
ECG spreadsheet form 8 or 9 points
a vo2
absolute
relative
catagory know what to circle
VO2 max vs. VO2 peak
was this a vo2 max or a peak
4 Criteria
meet at least 2 out of 4 it is a VO2 MAX IF not it is a PEAK TEST
1.) Did they get within 10bpm of HR max 220 - age = HR MAX
2.)RER anything above 1.10 is a criteria
3.) RPE + 8.5
4.) Plateau of VO2 despite an increase in work rate
look for the highest value
LACTATE THRESHOLD
RIGHT BEFORE it shoots up many units not 0.1 more than that
lactate
anaerobic metabolism
turning it on
less blood flow to liver and kidneys and lactate tissues
Resting Blood Lactate is around 0.5- 2.0 Note when finding lactate threshold
same individual that becomes more fit
the deflection or lactate threshold will come later in a graded exercise testing
BOTH TEST
Physiological rationale for lactate threshold ASK LINDSEY
indications of anaerobic metabolism
electrodes understand flow thats on slides
on skeleton
v6 is on side of individual - midaxillary
EKG given test strip P, QRS, T wave
given a second one that is not normal
Hyponatremia
low blood sodium
Hematrocrit
totaly RBC by bloof volume
women have lower hematrocrit levels
however as you get less hydrated it will go up
hematrocrit is the percentage of hematocrit per blood volume
Effects of Severve hyperhydration
diluting plasma volume
Best hydration is
Euhydration
LBM - Lean Body Mass
is weight left over after calculation
