exam 1 Flashcards
HEALTH RELATED COMPONENTS
Muscular Fitness (muscular strength, endurance, power) Aanerobic Fitness, Aerobic Fitness, Body Composition
Muscular Strength - max force generated at a given velocity
Muscular endurance - Force production over a multiple consecutive contraction
Anaerobic Fitness - Produces ATP at high rates but in small amounts (lasting 1-2 minutes)
◦ not utilizing oxygen as a final electron acceptor
Aerobic Fitness - Sustained ATP production for long duration activities
Flexibility - how much you can stretch
Body Comp. - comp of human body two primary components
fat tissue and fat free or lean tissue or fat mass vs lean body mass
Muscular strength - how much you can lift in that given time
Energy system and assessment tests
Energy systems -
ATP-PCR
Anaerobic Glycolysis
Assessment Tests:
BIODEX
Hand Grip
1 - RM
Muscular Endurance
Energy system and assessment tests
Energy systems -
BETA - oxidation
Aerobic Glycolysis
Assessment Tests:
sit ups
push ups
AMARAP
VO2 max test
Anaerobic Fitness
Energy system and assessment tests
Energy systems -
ATP-PCR
End product Anaerobic Glycolysis
Lactate
Assessment Tests:
Winggate
Aerobic Fitness
Energy system and assessment tests
Energy systems -
Lactate converts to pyuvate
Aerobic Glycolysis
Beta - oxidation
Assessment Tests:
VO2 max test
Flexibility
assessment tests
sit and reach
FMS testing
Body Composition
assessment tests
Assessment tests - skin folds, BODPOD, Hydrostatic weighing
ATP- PC System
High intensity 3-7 sec
as long as free floating ATP and PC in muscle to provide energy
Example: 1RM sqaut
Lactic Acid/ Anarobic Glycolysis
High intensity 85-95% for 7-12 sec
Repeated high intensity when there is insufficient time to recover PC store and glucose and or lactate are now used for energy
Example: 100m sprinting
Aerobic Glycolysis
Low effort 60-75%
breathing and heart rate are sufficent for oxegen delivery
Example: 200-400m sprints
Systolic Blood Pressure
maximum
pressure during systole of the heart (90 to
140 mmHg)
Diastolic Blood Pressure
Diastolic Blood Pressure= a pressure
during diastole of the heart (60 to 90
mmHg)
Pulse Pressure
SBP - DBP = Pulse Pressure
Mean Blood Pressure
Mean Blood Pressure = DBP + 1/3 pulse pressure
Resting Blood Pressure Assessment
Procedures
Patient sits for ~2 mins w/ feet flat, legs uncrossed, & arms at heart level
2. Wrap cuff on upper arm, 1 inch above antecubital space
3. Place bell of stethoscope over the brachial artery
4. Inflate cuff to around 180-200 mmHg, depending on population
5. Slowly release pressure at 2-4 mmHg per second
6. SBP = point at which the first of two or more Korotkoff sounds is heard
(phase 1)
7. DBP = point before disappearance of Korotkoff Sounds (phase 5)
BP Guidelines
Normal
Elevated
High BP Hypertension Stage 1
High BP Hypertension Stage 2
High BP Hypertension Crisis
Normal - Systolic less than 120
Diastolic - less than 80
Elevated - systolic 120-129
Diastolic - less than 80
High blood pressure stage 1 - systolic 130 or 139
Diastolic - 80-89
High blood pressure state 2 - systolic 140 or higher
Diastolic - 90 or higher
Hypertensive Crisis - systolic higher than 180
Diastolic - higher than 120
Classifications of Resting Heart Rate
less than 60 = bradycardia
60 to 100 bpm = normal
more than 100 bpm = tachycardia
Mannual heart rate procedures
Locate radial artery.
2. Place the tips of the index and middle
fingers over the radial artery and press
lightly.
Do not use the thumb (why not?).
3. Count for 60s for resting, or 15s for
exercise (then x4)
Start the count on a beat, which is counted
as “zero.”
Essential vs. Nonessential Fat
Essential Fat -
Males 2-5%;
females 10-13%
* Cellular membranes, vitam ins and hormones
Non-Essential fat
- Commonly thought of for removal
(dense fuel source) - Health reasons
- Athletic performance
- Vanity
Fat Mass and distribution
Men - upper body ANDROID (apple shape) Visceral fat
Obesity women - Lower Body GYNOID (Pear Shape) subaceatous fat
Fat Free Mass
Water, Protein. Minerals
Body Mass Index
= Ratio of an individual’s weight (kg) to height squared
(m2)
Circufmerence for Waist and Hip Ratio
↑ W/H ratio correlates with increased risk of heart
attack, stroke, hypertension, diabetes, gallbladder disease,
amongst others.
Chest Skinfold
Diagonal Fold
One half the distnace between the Axillary Fold and the nipple
Triceps Skinfold
Vertical fold
posterior midline of the upper arm
Halfway between the acromion and the olecranon process
Midaxillary Skinfold
Vertical Fold
Midaxillary line at the level of the xiphoid process of the sternum
Subscapular Skinfold
Diagonal Fold
2cm below the inferior angle of the scapula
Abdominal Skinfold
Vertical
2cm to the right of the belly button
Suprailiac Skinfold
Diagonal fold
Anterior axillary line
2cm immediatley superior to the superior illiac spine of the illiac crest
Thigh Skinfold
Vertical Fold
Anterior midline of the thigh
Midway between the proximal border of the patella and the inguinal crease (hip)
Vital Capacity
What factors effect it ASK LINDSEY
Max volume expire after max inhalation
VC = IC + ERV
Total Lung Capacity
Total volume of lungs
(encompasses all capacities and volumes)
Males: 4.5-6 L
* Females: 3-4 L
* Decreases with age as atrophy reduces elasticity/recoil
* Disease can lead to decreases in capacity
* Cystic fibrosis, emphysema, obesity, and motor
neuron disease
Restrictive Disorder
Limited
ability to expand the lungs
(inhalation)
Vital capacity is reduced and is < 75%
* FVC is normal
Examples: Restrictive Lung Disease, Parenchymal respiratory disease, Chronic interstitial lung disease
Obstructive Disorder
Limited ability to expel air from lungs
(Exhalation) due to narrowed
airways
FVC is normal
* FEV1 is < 80%
Examples: chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD),chronic
bronchitis, Emphysema, Asthma, Cystic fibrosis
Pulmonary Function Test using Spirometer
Used to assess for pulmonary pathology
* Identifies restrictive and obstructive
disease
* Results as predicted for age, height, sex,
weight, smoker/non-smoker, race
Spirometer: measures lung volume
Forestry Step Test Physiological rationale
HR and oxygen consumption have a linear
relationship:
Recovery HR and the actual exercise HR
are also related
◦ This allows us to estimate maximal oxygen
consumption based off recovery HR
Winggate Test Physiological rationale
Wingate is a supramaximal test 30s has been determined to be optimal duration for all out tests of anaerobic work
◦ 66%-85% of ATP production coming
from PCR and Anaerobic glycolysis
Winggate test protocol
Equipment & Roles:
1. Subject on ergometer
1. Grab weight on scale to
apply 7.5% bodyweight
2. Force setter and
cheerer
3. RPM Counter
4. Timer/Recorder
Protocol:
1. Warm-up (5-min)
1. Include two 15sec
sprints
2. Test (30sec)
3. Cool Down (5 to 10 min)
Forestry step test protocol
Equipment
◦ Step Bench
◦ Men 15.75in (40cm)
◦ Women 13in (33cm)
◦ Metronome
◦ 22.5 steps per minute (90bpm)
◦ Stopwatch
◦ 5minute test
◦ 15 second recovery
◦ Pulse taken from 5:15-5:30
◦ x4
What should we control for?
Isometric
no change in length, no
movement at joint (a)
Concentric
muscle force > external
resistance; “shortening” (b)
Eccentric
muscle force < external
resistance; “lengthening or decelerating”
(c)
What system does the wingate test use?
PCR and Anaerobic Glycolysis
What energy system is the Forestry step test using?
ASK LINDSEY
Hands on Part Need to know
Need to know
BP entire procedure
Understanding skinfolds - do you know whre the 7 sites are and do you know how to locate them and what kind of fold
diagonial verticle or horizontal
might pick 3 random sites
and 7 sites
Spirometry Lab
Flow volume loops of normal obstructive and restrictive
Look at charts
FEV1/FVC
<0.75 Obstructive Disorder something is obstructing the path
<0.85 Restrictive Disorder volume of inspiration is small
something restricting expansion of lungs
multiple choice true or false fill in blank
short answer
calculation
which athlete has the highest relative and absolute strength
calculating - percent body fat
how to determine lean body mass
body weight - fat percentage?
Aerobic + anaaerobic test
what two test did we do?
Forestry step test - aerobic
Wingate - anaerobic
why was the step test not a good test
females and males had different heights
Someone that is really tall could mess this part up
Trying to predict VO2Max
how efficient
Which one is a gold standard?
Bodpod closest accuracy
hydrostatic
Skin folds
Biological impedence
wasit and hip circumference
BMI
How to calculate BMI?
Weight kg / height
m2/kg
relative strength absolute strength
If you weigh less and lift more you have more relative strength
how much you lifted/how much you weigh
How to find lean body mass from given body weight?
Body mass kg - fat mass kg
