exam 1 Flashcards by Hailee Martinez

HEALTH RELATED COMPONENTS
Muscular Fitness (muscular strength, endurance, power) Aanerobic Fitness, Aerobic Fitness, Body Composition

Muscular Strength - max force generated at a given velocity

Muscular endurance - Force production over a multiple consecutive contraction

Anaerobic Fitness - Produces ATP at high rates but in small amounts (lasting 1-2 minutes)
◦ not utilizing oxygen as a final electron acceptor

Aerobic Fitness - Sustained ATP production for long duration activities

Flexibility - how much you can stretch

Body Comp. - comp of human body two primary components
fat tissue and fat free or lean tissue or fat mass vs lean body mass

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Muscular strength - how much you can lift in that given time

Energy system and assessment tests

Energy systems -
ATP-PCR
Anaerobic Glycolysis

Assessment Tests:
BIODEX
Hand Grip
1 - RM

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Muscular Endurance

Energy system and assessment tests

Energy systems -
BETA - oxidation
Aerobic Glycolysis

Assessment Tests:
sit ups
push ups
AMARAP
VO2 max test

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Anaerobic Fitness

Energy system and assessment tests

Energy systems -
ATP-PCR
End product Anaerobic Glycolysis
Lactate

Assessment Tests:
Winggate

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Aerobic Fitness

Energy system and assessment tests

Energy systems -
Lactate converts to pyuvate
Aerobic Glycolysis
Beta - oxidation

Assessment Tests:
VO2 max test

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Flexibility

assessment tests

sit and reach
FMS testing

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Body Composition

assessment tests

Assessment tests - skin folds, BODPOD, Hydrostatic weighing

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ATP- PC System

High intensity 3-7 sec

as long as free floating ATP and PC in muscle to provide energy

Example: 1RM sqaut

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Lactic Acid/ Anarobic Glycolysis

High intensity 85-95% for 7-12 sec

Repeated high intensity when there is insufficient time to recover PC store and glucose and or lactate are now used for energy

Example: 100m sprinting

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Aerobic Glycolysis

Low effort 60-75%

breathing and heart rate are sufficent for oxegen delivery

Example: 200-400m sprints

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Systolic Blood Pressure

maximum
pressure during systole of the heart (90 to
140 mmHg)

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Diastolic Blood Pressure

Diastolic Blood Pressure= a pressure
during diastole of the heart (60 to 90
mmHg)

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Pulse Pressure

SBP - DBP = Pulse Pressure

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Mean Blood Pressure

Mean Blood Pressure = DBP + 1/3 pulse pressure

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Resting Blood Pressure Assessment
Procedures

Patient sits for ~2 mins w/ feet flat, legs uncrossed, & arms at heart level
2. Wrap cuff on upper arm, 1 inch above antecubital space
3. Place bell of stethoscope over the brachial artery
4. Inflate cuff to around 180-200 mmHg, depending on population
5. Slowly release pressure at 2-4 mmHg per second
6. SBP = point at which the first of two or more Korotkoff sounds is heard
(phase 1)
7. DBP = point before disappearance of Korotkoff Sounds (phase 5)

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BP Guidelines

Normal
Elevated
High BP Hypertension Stage 1
High BP Hypertension Stage 2
High BP Hypertension Crisis

Normal - Systolic less than 120
Diastolic - less than 80

Elevated - systolic 120-129
Diastolic - less than 80

High blood pressure stage 1 - systolic 130 or 139
Diastolic - 80-89

High blood pressure state 2 - systolic 140 or higher
Diastolic - 90 or higher

Hypertensive Crisis - systolic higher than 180

Diastolic - higher than 120

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Classifications of Resting Heart Rate

less than 60 = bradycardia

60 to 100 bpm = normal

more than 100 bpm = tachycardia

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Mannual heart rate procedures

Locate radial artery.
2. Place the tips of the index and middle
fingers over the radial artery and press
lightly.
Do not use the thumb (why not?).
3. Count for 60s for resting, or 15s for
exercise (then x4)
Start the count on a beat, which is counted
as “zero.”

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Essential vs. Nonessential Fat

Essential Fat -

Males 2-5%;
females 10-13%
* Cellular membranes, vitam ins and hormones

Non-Essential fat

Commonly thought of for removal
(dense fuel source)
Health reasons
Athletic performance
Vanity

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Fat Mass and distribution

Men - upper body ANDROID (apple shape) Visceral fat

Obesity women - Lower Body GYNOID (Pear Shape) subaceatous fat

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Fat Free Mass

Water, Protein. Minerals

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Body Mass Index

= Ratio of an individual’s weight (kg) to height squared
(m2)

Circufmerence for Waist and Hip Ratio

↑ W/H ratio correlates with increased risk of heart
attack, stroke, hypertension, diabetes, gallbladder disease,
amongst others.

Chest Skinfold

Diagonal Fold

One half the distnace between the Axillary Fold and the nipple

Triceps Skinfold

Vertical fold posterior midline of the upper arm Halfway between the acromion and the olecranon process

Midaxillary Skinfold

Vertical Fold Midaxillary line at the level of the xiphoid process of the sternum

Subscapular Skinfold

Diagonal Fold 2cm below the inferior angle of the scapula

Abdominal Skinfold

Vertical 2cm to the right of the belly button

Suprailiac Skinfold

Diagonal fold Anterior axillary line 2cm immediatley superior to the superior illiac spine of the illiac crest

Thigh Skinfold

Vertical Fold Anterior midline of the thigh Midway between the proximal border of the patella and the inguinal crease (hip)

Vital Capacity What factors effect it ASK LINDSEY

Max volume expire after max inhalation VC = IC + ERV

Total Lung Capacity

Total volume of lungs (encompasses all capacities and volumes) Males: 4.5-6 L * Females: 3-4 L * Decreases with age as atrophy reduces elasticity/recoil * Disease can lead to decreases in capacity * Cystic fibrosis, emphysema, obesity, and motor neuron disease

Restrictive Disorder

Limited ability to expand the lungs (inhalation) Vital capacity is reduced and is < 75% * FVC is normal Examples: Restrictive Lung Disease, Parenchymal respiratory disease, Chronic interstitial lung disease

Obstructive Disorder

Limited ability to expel air from lungs (Exhalation) due to narrowed airways FVC is normal * FEV1 is < 80% Examples: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),chronic bronchitis, Emphysema, Asthma, Cystic fibrosis

Pulmonary Function Test using Spirometer

Used to assess for pulmonary pathology * Identifies restrictive and obstructive disease * Results as predicted for age, height, sex, weight, smoker/non-smoker, race Spirometer: measures lung volume

Forestry Step Test Physiological rationale

HR and oxygen consumption have a linear relationship: Recovery HR and the actual exercise HR are also related ◦ This allows us to estimate maximal oxygen consumption based off recovery HR

Winggate Test Physiological rationale

Wingate is a supramaximal test 30s has been determined to be optimal duration for all out tests of anaerobic work ◦ 66%-85% of ATP production coming from PCR and Anaerobic glycolysis

Winggate test protocol

Equipment & Roles: 1. Subject on ergometer 1. Grab weight on scale to apply 7.5% bodyweight 2. Force setter and cheerer 3. RPM Counter 4. Timer/Recorder Protocol: 1. Warm-up (5-min) 1. Include two 15sec sprints 2. Test (30sec) 3. Cool Down (5 to 10 min)

Forestry step test protocol

Equipment ◦ Step Bench ◦ Men 15.75in (40cm) ◦ Women 13in (33cm) ◦ Metronome ◦ 22.5 steps per minute (90bpm) ◦ Stopwatch ◦ 5minute test ◦ 15 second recovery ◦ Pulse taken from 5:15-5:30 ◦ x4 What should we control for?

Isometric

no change in length, no movement at joint (a)

Concentric

muscle force > external resistance; “shortening” (b)

Eccentric

muscle force < external resistance; “lengthening or decelerating” (c)

What system does the wingate test use?

PCR and Anaerobic Glycolysis

What energy system is the Forestry step test using?

ASK LINDSEY

Hands on Part Need to know

Need to know BP entire procedure Understanding skinfolds - do you know whre the 7 sites are and do you know how to locate them and what kind of fold diagonial verticle or horizontal might pick 3 random sites and 7 sites

Spirometry Lab Flow volume loops of normal obstructive and restrictive

Look at charts FEV1/FVC <0.75 Obstructive Disorder something is obstructing the path <0.85 Restrictive Disorder volume of inspiration is small something restricting expansion of lungs

multiple choice true or false fill in blank short answer calculation which athlete has the highest relative and absolute strength calculating - percent body fat how to determine lean body mass body weight - fat percentage?

Aerobic + anaaerobic test what two test did we do?

Forestry step test - aerobic Wingate - anaerobic

why was the step test not a good test

females and males had different heights Someone that is really tall could mess this part up Trying to predict VO2Max how efficient

Which one is a gold standard?

Bodpod closest accuracy hydrostatic Skin folds Biological impedence wasit and hip circumference BMI

How to calculate BMI?

Weight kg / height m2/kg

relative strength absolute strength

If you weigh less and lift more you have more relative strength how much you lifted/how much you weigh

How to find lean body mass from given body weight?

Body mass kg - fat mass kg