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Exercise Physiology 2 LAB > exam 1 > Flashcards

exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

HEALTH RELATED COMPONENTS
Muscular Fitness (muscular strength, endurance, power) Aanerobic Fitness, Aerobic Fitness, Body Composition

A

Muscular Strength - max force generated at a given velocity

Muscular endurance - Force production over a multiple consecutive contraction

Anaerobic Fitness - Produces ATP at high rates but in small amounts (lasting 1-2 minutes)
◦ not utilizing oxygen as a final electron acceptor

Aerobic Fitness - Sustained ATP production for long duration activities

Flexibility - how much you can stretch

Body Comp. - comp of human body two primary components
fat tissue and fat free or lean tissue or fat mass vs lean body mass

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2
Q

Muscular strength - how much you can lift in that given time

Energy system and assessment tests

A

Energy systems -
ATP-PCR
Anaerobic Glycolysis

Assessment Tests:
BIODEX
Hand Grip
1 - RM

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3
Q

Muscular Endurance

Energy system and assessment tests

A

Energy systems -
BETA - oxidation
Aerobic Glycolysis

Assessment Tests:
sit ups
push ups
AMARAP
VO2 max test

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4
Q

Anaerobic Fitness

Energy system and assessment tests

A

Energy systems -
ATP-PCR
End product Anaerobic Glycolysis
Lactate

Assessment Tests:
Winggate

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5
Q

Aerobic Fitness

Energy system and assessment tests

A

Energy systems -
Lactate converts to pyuvate
Aerobic Glycolysis
Beta - oxidation

Assessment Tests:
VO2 max test

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6
Q

Flexibility

assessment tests

A

sit and reach
FMS testing

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7
Q

Body Composition

assessment tests

A

Assessment tests - skin folds, BODPOD, Hydrostatic weighing

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8
Q

ATP- PC System

A

High intensity 3-7 sec

as long as free floating ATP and PC in muscle to provide energy

Example: 1RM sqaut

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9
Q

Lactic Acid/ Anarobic Glycolysis

A

High intensity 85-95% for 7-12 sec

Repeated high intensity when there is insufficient time to recover PC store and glucose and or lactate are now used for energy

Example: 100m sprinting

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10
Q

Aerobic Glycolysis

A

Low effort 60-75%

breathing and heart rate are sufficent for oxegen delivery

Example: 200-400m sprints

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11
Q

Systolic Blood Pressure

A

maximum
pressure during systole of the heart (90 to
140 mmHg)

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12
Q

Diastolic Blood Pressure

A

Diastolic Blood Pressure= a pressure
during diastole of the heart (60 to 90
mmHg)

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13
Q

Pulse Pressure

A

SBP - DBP = Pulse Pressure

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14
Q

Mean Blood Pressure

A

Mean Blood Pressure = DBP + 1/3 pulse pressure

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15
Q

Resting Blood Pressure Assessment
Procedures

A

Patient sits for ~2 mins w/ feet flat, legs uncrossed, & arms at heart level
2. Wrap cuff on upper arm, 1 inch above antecubital space
3. Place bell of stethoscope over the brachial artery
4. Inflate cuff to around 180-200 mmHg, depending on population
5. Slowly release pressure at 2-4 mmHg per second
6. SBP = point at which the first of two or more Korotkoff sounds is heard
(phase 1)
7. DBP = point before disappearance of Korotkoff Sounds (phase 5)

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16
Q

BP Guidelines

Normal
Elevated
High BP Hypertension Stage 1
High BP Hypertension Stage 2
High BP Hypertension Crisis

A

Normal - Systolic less than 120
Diastolic - less than 80

Elevated - systolic 120-129
Diastolic - less than 80

High blood pressure stage 1 - systolic 130 or 139
Diastolic - 80-89

High blood pressure state 2 - systolic 140 or higher
Diastolic - 90 or higher

Hypertensive Crisis - systolic higher than 180

Diastolic - higher than 120

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17
Q

Classifications of Resting Heart Rate

A

less than 60 = bradycardia

60 to 100 bpm = normal

more than 100 bpm = tachycardia

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18
Q

Mannual heart rate procedures

A

Locate radial artery.
2. Place the tips of the index and middle
fingers over the radial artery and press
lightly.
Do not use the thumb (why not?).
3. Count for 60s for resting, or 15s for
exercise (then x4)
Start the count on a beat, which is counted
as “zero.”

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19
Q

Essential vs. Nonessential Fat

A

Essential Fat -

Males 2-5%;
females 10-13%
* Cellular membranes, vitam ins and hormones

Non-Essential fat

  • Commonly thought of for removal
    (dense fuel source)
  • Health reasons
  • Athletic performance
  • Vanity
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20
Q

Fat Mass and distribution

A

Men - upper body ANDROID (apple shape) Visceral fat

Obesity women - Lower Body GYNOID (Pear Shape) subaceatous fat

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21
Q

Fat Free Mass

A

Water, Protein. Minerals

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22
Q

Body Mass Index

A

= Ratio of an individual’s weight (kg) to height squared
(m2)

23
Q

Circufmerence for Waist and Hip Ratio

A

↑ W/H ratio correlates with increased risk of heart
attack, stroke, hypertension, diabetes, gallbladder disease,
amongst others.

24
Q

Chest Skinfold

A

Diagonal Fold

One half the distnace between the Axillary Fold and the nipple

25
Q

Triceps Skinfold

A

Vertical fold

posterior midline of the upper arm

Halfway between the acromion and the olecranon process

26
Q

Midaxillary Skinfold

A

Vertical Fold

Midaxillary line at the level of the xiphoid process of the sternum

27
Q

Subscapular Skinfold

A

Diagonal Fold

2cm below the inferior angle of the scapula

28
Q

Abdominal Skinfold

A

Vertical

2cm to the right of the belly button

29
Q

Suprailiac Skinfold

A

Diagonal fold

Anterior axillary line

2cm immediatley superior to the superior illiac spine of the illiac crest

30
Q

Thigh Skinfold

A

Vertical Fold

Anterior midline of the thigh

Midway between the proximal border of the patella and the inguinal crease (hip)

31
Q

Vital Capacity

What factors effect it ASK LINDSEY

A

Max volume expire after max inhalation

VC = IC + ERV

32
Q

Total Lung Capacity

A

Total volume of lungs
(encompasses all capacities and volumes)

Males: 4.5-6 L
* Females: 3-4 L
* Decreases with age as atrophy reduces elasticity/recoil
* Disease can lead to decreases in capacity
* Cystic fibrosis, emphysema, obesity, and motor
neuron disease

33
Q

Restrictive Disorder

A

Limited
ability to expand the lungs
(inhalation)

Vital capacity is reduced and is < 75%
* FVC is normal

Examples: Restrictive Lung Disease, Parenchymal respiratory disease, Chronic interstitial lung disease

34
Q

Obstructive Disorder

A

Limited ability to expel air from lungs
(Exhalation) due to narrowed
airways

FVC is normal
* FEV1 is < 80%

Examples: chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD),chronic
bronchitis, Emphysema, Asthma, Cystic fibrosis

35
Q

Pulmonary Function Test using Spirometer

A

Used to assess for pulmonary pathology
* Identifies restrictive and obstructive
disease
* Results as predicted for age, height, sex,
weight, smoker/non-smoker, race
Spirometer: measures lung volume

36
Q

Forestry Step Test Physiological rationale

A

HR and oxygen consumption have a linear
relationship:
Recovery HR and the actual exercise HR
are also related
◦ This allows us to estimate maximal oxygen
consumption based off recovery HR

37
Q

Winggate Test Physiological rationale

A

Wingate is a supramaximal test 30s has been determined to be optimal duration for all out tests of anaerobic work

◦ 66%-85% of ATP production coming
from PCR and Anaerobic glycolysis

38
Q

Winggate test protocol

A

Equipment & Roles:
1. Subject on ergometer
1. Grab weight on scale to
apply 7.5% bodyweight
2. Force setter and
cheerer
3. RPM Counter
4. Timer/Recorder

Protocol:
1. Warm-up (5-min)
1. Include two 15sec
sprints
2. Test (30sec)
3. Cool Down (5 to 10 min)

39
Q

Forestry step test protocol

A

Equipment
◦ Step Bench
◦ Men 15.75in (40cm)
◦ Women 13in (33cm)
◦ Metronome
◦ 22.5 steps per minute (90bpm)
◦ Stopwatch
◦ 5minute test
◦ 15 second recovery
◦ Pulse taken from 5:15-5:30
◦ x4
What should we control for?

40
Q

Isometric

A

no change in length, no
movement at joint (a)

41
Q

Concentric

A

muscle force > external
resistance; “shortening” (b)

42
Q

Eccentric

A

muscle force < external
resistance; “lengthening or decelerating”
(c)

43
Q

What system does the wingate test use?

A

PCR and Anaerobic Glycolysis

44
Q

What energy system is the Forestry step test using?

A

ASK LINDSEY

45
Q

Hands on Part Need to know

A

Need to know

BP entire procedure

Understanding skinfolds - do you know whre the 7 sites are and do you know how to locate them and what kind of fold
diagonial verticle or horizontal

might pick 3 random sites

and 7 sites

46
Q

Spirometry Lab

Flow volume loops of normal obstructive and restrictive

A

Look at charts

FEV1/FVC

<0.75 Obstructive Disorder something is obstructing the path

<0.85 Restrictive Disorder volume of inspiration is small

something restricting expansion of lungs

47
Q

multiple choice true or false fill in blank
short answer
calculation

which athlete has the highest relative and absolute strength

calculating - percent body fat

how to determine lean body mass

body weight - fat percentage?

A
48
Q

Aerobic + anaaerobic test

what two test did we do?

A

Forestry step test - aerobic

Wingate - anaerobic

49
Q

why was the step test not a good test

A

females and males had different heights

Someone that is really tall could mess this part up

Trying to predict VO2Max

how efficient

50
Q

Which one is a gold standard?

A

Bodpod closest accuracy
hydrostatic
Skin folds
Biological impedence
wasit and hip circumference
BMI

51
Q

How to calculate BMI?

A

Weight kg / height
m2/kg

52
Q

relative strength absolute strength

A

If you weigh less and lift more you have more relative strength

how much you lifted/how much you weigh

53
Q

How to find lean body mass from given body weight?

A

Body mass kg - fat mass kg

Exercise Physiology 2 LAB (3 decks)

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