Final Exam Lectures Flashcards
What are the basic components of political organization?
Political role and office Centralization Extent of political organization Coercive force (power) Control of economic resources Level of political integration
Centralization
Power to wage war and pass laws
Royal courts, capitals, feudal strongholds
Totalitarianism
China’s one child policy
Chiefdom definition
A regional polity in which two or more local groups are organized under a single chief, who is at the head of a ranked hierarchy of people
Bands
(Eskimos) Members live and work together under recognized leader or headman
Not incorporated into larger political unit
Small, nomadic
Tribes
Regional organization linking together local groups/bands
States
Kingdoms, confederations, empires
Courts and judges
State definition 1
a society that is defended from outside enemies
State definition 2
a society that has a separate set of governmental institutions designed to enforce laws and collect taxes
Coercive theory
War lies at the root of the state
Force is the basis for state formulation
Population increase pressures resources
Conquered groups pay tribute to political overlord
Managerial theory
Food production depends on irrigation
dams, canals, dikes, terraces
The elite develops into a political bureaucracy
Feuding
Activity involving individuals and their supporters, usually of the same social group
When is feuding used?
For revenge for prior wrongs
For what type of fighting does a large population take part?
Warfare
What is a cycle of reciprocal killing?
Feuding
What is a more organized from of war?
Raiding
Which war type has clear objectives
Warfare
What type of war is rarely a sustained activity but more of a grab and escape?
Raiding
Warfare
Sustained organized fighting with organized combat
Who is Emile Durkheim?
Evolutionist that believes society is outgrowing religion
What is the social scientific approach to religion?
Emile Durkheim, society is outgrowing religion
What are the elementary forms of religious life?
Religion is a social product
Modernization produces a loss of faith
All religions are communal
What is the purpose of social science?
To discover the rational substitutes for religion
To show the functions of religion
What are the functions of religion
- social cement
- emotional support
- reinforces norms
- helps during major life events
What are the two definitions of religion?
- any belief in the supernatural
2. rituals oriented toward sacred
What are the most primitive peoples?
Australian Aborigines
Control and manipulation
Witchcraft, evil eye, magic, curing
Predicting the supernatural
Divination, deterministic universe
