Final Exam (Lecture 25 and 26) - Vaccinology and Maternal Antibodies Flashcards
List and explain two mechanisms of how maternal antibodies can interfere with vaccination.
1) Negative feedback by IgG on antibody production.
2) Neutralize modified live vaccine antigen
List at least two factors that influence the response to vaccination in the presence of maternal antibody.
1) Maternal antibody titer
2) Type of vaccine
Define the window of susceptibility.
The time between when maternal antibody has decreased and won’t protect against wild-type infection but is still high enough to inhibit the vaccine given.
Explain what it means to “breakthrough” maternal antibody when talking about susceptibility to disease and vaccination in young animals and the associated challenges.
Minimum maternal antibody titer that a modified live vaccine virus can breakthrough and stimulate the neonate’s immune response.
This is a lower titer than the titer a virulent virus can break through.
Label a graph that explains the reason for using a series of vaccinations in puppies and kittens.
IN NOTES
Based on the Moore studies, explain what factors are associated with increase adverse vaccine events in dogs.
1) Weight of dog
2) Number of injections per visit
Describe at least three factors that influence the duration of immunity and describe how the duration of immunity is determined for vaccines.
1) Type of vaccine
2) State of animal when vaccinated
3) Exposure to virulent antigen
- Determined by epidemiology
Explain how an animal may have immunity to a pathogen but not have detectable circulating antibodies.
T cell mediated immunity and secretory IgA
List two to three factors that can optimize vaccine efficacy and duration of immunity and minimize adverse reactions.
1) Use only vaccines that are required
2) Minimize exposure
3) Vaccinate only healthy animals
