Final Exam- Identifications Flashcards
Vertical integration
The consistency, coordination and collaboration across different levels of government
Horizontal integration
The capacity of government departments in charge of different policy issues to work together
International labor organization (ILO)
-1919
-United Nations Agency, whose mandate is to advance social and economic justice by setting intl labor standards
Integration
Process by which supranational institutions come to replace national ones = shifting of sovereignty from national institutions toward regional/global ones.
-adoption of policies by countries as if they were a single political unit
Treaty of Rome
-1957
-the founding doc. of the European Economic Community, now subsumed by the European Union
- created the orgabziations Euratom and EEC
Supranationalism
BEYOND States, decisions by institutions and not governments
-larger institutions and groupings such as the European Union to which state authority or national identity is subordinated
Common Market
A zone in which labor and capital flow freely across borders
Customs union
a common external tariff adopted by members of a free trade area ; that is participating states adopt a unified set of tariffs with regard to goods coming in from outside
EU Social Fund (ESF)
-Europe’s main instrument for supporting jobs, helping people get better jobs and ensuring fairer job opportunities for all EU citizens
United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA)
An free trade agreement between the 3 countries
-supports mutually beneficial trade resulting in freer market which results in robust economic growth
European Union (EU)
the official term for the European Community and associated treaty organizations
-in 2018 it had 28 member states
Intergovernmentalism
National governments make active efforts to integrate
- UN
-slow process
-maybe no real progress toward supranationalism b/c governments do NOT surrender power to organization
Single European Act
-1985
-an act that set a target date of the end of 1992 for the creation of a true common market in the European community
Digital divide
the gap access to information technologies between rich and poor people and between the global North and the global South
Neocolonialism
Big powers use economic ties + culture to maintain structures
Widening
If can go wide can’t go deep
Expanding in who is involved in the organization,