Final Exam Fall 2015

Question 1

List examples of prerenal, renal, and post renal causes of azotemia

Answer 1

Prerenal – dehydration, hemorrhage, shock, CHF
Renal – acute tubular necrosis, chronic interstitial nephritis, glomerulonephritis
Post renal – enlarged prostate, stones, tumors

Question 2

What is the normal kidney filtration rate?

Answer 2

Approximately 125 mL per minute

Question 3

What is a normal creatinine level, and what is critical?

Answer 3

Normal: .4 to 1.2 mg/dL
Critical for man: >2
Critical for woman: >1.5

Question 4

Which BUN/creatinine ratio implies prerenal cause, and which implies renal?

Answer 4

Greater than 20:1 = prerenal

Less than 20:1 = renal

Question 5

What are white blood cell casts indicative of?

Answer 5

Pyelonephritis

Question 6

What three urinalysis findings comprise the UTI fingerprint?

Answer 6

Blood, nitrites, leukocytes

Question 7

What is a normal BUN, and what is a critical level?

Answer 7

Normal 6 to 22

Critical >100

Question 8

List findings that indicate an upper track source of UTI

Answer 8

Brown colored urine, casts, protein (most often caused by stones)

Question 9

List findings indicate lower track source of UTI

Answer 9

Reddish pink urine, clots, regular RBCs (usually caused by infection)

Question 10

Gold standard for bladder cancer diagnosis

Answer 10

Cytoscopy

Question 11

Gold standard for urolithiasis diagnosis

Answer 11

Non-contrast CT

Question 12

Best for testicular cancer diagnosis

Answer 12

US

Question 13

Major cause of epidydimitis/orchitis

Answer 13

Reflux of urine, STDs, e.coli

Question 14

Which labs are important to order when ARF is suspected?

Answer 14

CBC, Phosphate, magnesium, urine electrolytes, albumin