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Organ Histology > Final Exam: Digestive homework questions > Flashcards

Final Exam: Digestive homework questions Flashcards

1
Q

Smallest salivary gland

A

Sublingual gland

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2
Q

Mixed salivary gland, but primarily serous producing

A

Submandibular gland

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3
Q

Largest salivary gland

A

Parotid gland

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4
Q

Salivary gland that produces the most saliva

A

Submandibular gland

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5
Q

Salivary gland most affected by mumps

A

Parotid gland

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6
Q

Salivary gland that is entirely serous producing

A

Parotid gland

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7
Q

Salivary gland that is mixed, but primarily mucus producing

A

Sublingual gland

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8
Q

Salivary gland that produces the least amount of saliva

A

Sublingual gland

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9
Q

Which major luminal wall layer will typically contain large blood vessels?

A

Submucosa

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10
Q

Which major luminal wall layer will typically contain a surface epithelium?

A

Mucosa

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11
Q

Which major luminal wall layer will typically contain normal muscle pattern?

A

Mucosa

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12
Q

Which major luminal wall layer will typically contain dense connective tissue?

A

Submucosa

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13
Q

Which major luminal wall layer will typically contain a lamina propria made of loose connective tissue?

A

Mucosa

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14
Q

Which major luminal wall layer will typically contain a myenteric plexus

A

Muscularis externa

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15
Q

Which major luminal wall layer will typically contain a submucosal plexus?

A

Submucosa

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16
Q

Which layer consists of connective tissue inside (away from lumen) of the Muscularis externa?

A

Adventitia

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17
Q

Which layer consists of an edge of squamous cells inside (away from lumen) of the muscularis externa?

A

Serosa

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18
Q

Name the surface epithelium for the esophagus

A

Stratified squamous

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19
Q

Name the surface epithelium for the stomach

A

Simple columnar

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20
Q

Name the surface epithelium for the duodenum

A

Simple columnar

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21
Q

Name the surface epithelium for the jejunum

A

Simple columnar

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22
Q

Name the surface epithelium for the ileum

A

Simple columnar

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23
Q

Name the surface epithelium for the Colon (all parts)

A

Simple columnar

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24
Q

Name the surface epithelium for the Appendix

A

Simple columnar

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25
Q

Name the surface epithelium for Barret’s esophagus

A

Mucus secreting simple columnar

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26
Q

Where are esophageal cardiac glands found within the esophagus and what do they produce?

A
  • Lamina propria of mucosa

- Produce neutral mucus to protect esophageal epithelium

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27
Q

Where are esophageal proper glands found within the esophagus and what do they produce?

A
  • Submucosa

- Produce slightly acidic mucus to lubricate movement of food

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28
Q

What is unique about the muscularis externa of the esophagus?

A

Upper 1/3 = all skeletal muscle,
Middle 1/3 = both smooth and skeletal muscle;
Lower 1/3 = All smooth muscle

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29
Q

Which is found next to the muscularis externa in the esophagus: Serosa, or adventitia?

A
  • Primary adventitia

- Except the last 1-2 inches of the esophagus after the diaphragm, at that point it becomes serosa.

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30
Q

Identify which are physiological sphincters & anatomical sphincters:

1) Pharyngoesophageal sphincter
2) Gastroesophageal sphincter
3) Lower esophageal sphincter
4) Ileocecal valve/ sphincter

A 
1-3 = Physiological sphincters
4 = Both anatomical and physiological sphincter
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31
Q

Name the 2 characteristics of a true anatomical sphincter?

A

1) Well developed inner circular layer of muscle in the muscularis externa.
2) Inner circular layer in Muscularis externa can be independently controlled.

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32
Q

Which stomach cell produces pepsinogen?

A

Chief cells

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33
Q

Which stomach cell produces thick visible mucus?

A

Surface mucus cells

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34
Q

Which stomach cell produces HCl?

A

Parietal cells

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35
Q

Which stomach cell produces gastrin?

A

DNES cells

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36
Q

Which stomach cell produces soluble mucus?

A

Neck mucus cells

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37
Q

Which stomach cell produces gastric lipase?

A

Chief cells

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38
Q

Which stomach cell produces intrinsic factor?

A

Parietal cells

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39
Q

Which stomach cell produces hormones (in general)?

A

DNES cells (Type D and Type EC)

40
Q

Primary function of the stomach

41
Q

Does the stomach possess serosa, adventitia, or both?

A

All serosa

42
Q

What is structurally unique about the muscularis externa of the stomach?

A

It may have 3 muscle layers at some locations (Innermost oblique sometimes, middle circular well developed, and a thin outer longitudinal layer)

43
Q

Which type of gland occupies most of the stomach?

A

Gastric glands

44
Q

What is the function of secretin?

A

Stimulates pancreas secretion of bicarbonate from pancreatic ducts, inhibits HCl release and the movement of chyme into the small intestine

45
Q

What is the function of cholecystokinin?

A

Stimulates gall bladder contraction and pancreatic enzyme secretion from serous acini

46
Q

What cell type produces secretin and cholecystokinin?

A

DNES cells

47
Q

Functions of the enterocytes

A

1) Absorb water and nutrients 2) Terminal digestion in glycocalyx

48
Q

Where are paneth cells found specifically and what do they do?

A
  • Bases of crypts in mucosa of the small intestine.

- They produce lysozyme

49
Q

Where are lacteals found specifically and what do they do?

A
  • Villus core of lamina propria of the small intestine.

- They are important for most lipid absorption

50
Q

What are lacteals?

A

Lymphatic capillaries

51
Q

Which organ of the small intestine has Peyer’s patches in the submucosa?

A

Submucosa of the ileum

52
Q

Which organ of the small intestine has Brunner’s glands in the submucosa?

A

Submucosa of the duodenum

53
Q

Which organ of the small intestine has no structures of significance in the submucosa?

A

Submucosa of the jejunum

54
Q

What are Peyer’s patches?

A

Groups of regularly occurring large lymph nodules

55
Q

What do Brunner’s glands produce and why?

A

1) Alkaline mucus that functions in neutralizing chyme.

2) Urogastrone that functions to inhibit HCl secretion and increase mitosis of epithelial cells.

56
Q

Does the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum possess serosa, adventitia or both? Consider each part separate

A
  • Duodenum- 1st and last 1-2 cm are serosa, rest is adventitia.
  • Jejunum- all serosa. –Ileum- all serosa.
57
Q

Does the appendix possess serosa, adventitia, or both?

A

Serosa only

58
Q

Does the appendix have Peyer’s patches?

59
Q

Does the appendix have DNES cells?

A

No to infrequent

60
Q

Does the appendix have crypts?

61
Q

Does the appendix have villi?

62
Q

Name 2 possible functions for the appendix

A

1) Humoral immunity (“Abdominal tonsil”)

2) Reservoir for good bacteria

63
Q

Primary function of the colon

A

Absorption of water

64
Q

Does the colon have paneth cell?

65
Q

Does the colon have DNES cells?

66
Q

Does the colon have normal pattern muscularis externa?

67
Q

Does the colon have Peyer’s patches?

68
Q

Does the colon have villi?

69
Q

Does the colon have crypts?

70
Q

The outer longitudinal muscle in the colon is called the:

A

Teniae coli

71
Q

Does the following possess serosa, adventitia, or both?

1) Sigmoid colon
2) Transverse colon
3) Ascending colon
4) Descending colon

A 
1-2 = Serosa
3-4 = Adventitia
72
Q

How are the appendices epiplocicae created in the colon?

A

Created by serosa

73
Q

How are the haustra coli created in the colon?

A

Constant tonus of teniae coli results in saculations called haustra

74
Q

Identify the part of the tooth that mineralizes to become dentin

75
Q

Identify the cells of the tooth that produce enamel

A

Ameloblasts

76
Q

Identify the cells of the tooth that produce dentin

A

Odontoblasts

77
Q

Identify the area of vascular connective tissue interior to the cells that produce dentin in the tooth

A

Dental papilla

78
Q

Identify the cells of the tooth not found on erupted teeth

A

Ameloblasts

79
Q

Which type of oral mucosa is found on the cheeks?

A

Lining mucosa

80
Q

Which type of oral mucosa is found on the gingiva?

A

Masticatory mucosa

81
Q

Which type of oral mucosa is found on the underside of the tongue?

A

Lining mucosa

82
Q

Which type of oral mucosa is found on the hard palate?

A

Masticatory mucosa

83
Q

Which type of oral mucosa is found on the dorsum of the tongue?

A

Specialized mucosa

84
Q

Which type of oral mucosa is found on the soft palate?

A

Lining mucosa

85
Q

Which type of oral mucosa is found on the lips?

A

Lining mucosa

86
Q

Name the surface epithelium for the vermillion border of the lips

A

Keratinized stratified squamous

87
Q

Name the surface epithelium for the soft palate

A

Generally nonkeratinized stratified squamous, occasionally parakeratinizied stratified squamous

88
Q

Name the surface epithelium for the filliform papillae of the tongue

A

Keratinized stratified squamous

89
Q

Name the surface epithelium for the cheeks

A

Generally nonkeratinized stratified squamous, occasionally parakeratinized stratified squamous

90
Q

Name the surface epithelium for the ginigiva

A

Keratinized stratified squamous or Parakeratinized stratified squamous

91
Q

Name the surface epithelium for the floor of the mouth

A

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous

92
Q

Name the surface epithelium for the vallate papillae

A

Stratified squamous

93
Q

Name the surface epithelium for the hard palate

A

Keratinized stratified squamous or Parakeratinized stratified squamous

94
Q

Name the surface epithelium for the underside of the tongue

A

Generally nonkeratinized stratified squamous, occasionally parakeratinized stratified squamous

95
Q

What and where are Von Ebner glands?

A

Small salivary glands associated with circumvallate papillae located in the mucosa of the tongue

96
Q

What is the function of tongue intrinsic muscles?

A

Change shape of the tongue

97
Q

What are the names of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A
  • Superior longitudinal muscles
  • Vertical muscles alternating with Transverse muscles
  • Inferior longitudinal muscles

Organ Histology (4 decks)

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