Final Exam - Critical Thinking

Question 1

whats a claim

Answer 1

conclusion/idea author is trying to persuade you to accept

Question 2

uncontested claim

Answer 2

statements that are widely accepted, facts, math truths, past events, expert consensus

Question 3

contestable claim

Answer 3

none of uncontested characteristics apply
new ideas
can be argued

Question 4

whats evidence

Answer 4

statement that answers why the claim should be accepted
statistics, details, anecdotes, previously established claims

Question 5

whats a claim without evidence

Answer 5

opinion

Question 6

whats a claim with evidence

Answer 6

argument

Question 7

what are some key evidence words

Answer 7

because, as a result, for example, given that, studies show

Question 8

6 things evidence should have

Answer 8

accuracy
precision
sufficiency
representativeness
authority
clarity of expression

Question 9

accuracy

Answer 9

the correctness and reliability of the evidence

Question 10

precision

Answer 10

the level of detail and specificity of the evidence

Question 11

sufficiency

Answer 11

whether enough evidence is provided to justify the conclusion or decision

Question 12

representativeness

Answer 12

whether the evidence reflects the larger group or situation its supposed to represent

Question 13

authority

Answer 13

the credibility of the source providing the evidence

Question 14

clarity of expression

Answer 14

the case in which the evidence can be understood

Question 15

reality assumptions

Answer 15

• beliefs about what events have taken place, what exists, how things work in the world
• shaped by first hand experiences, convos, what we read/see
  ex: “coffee improves health” - assumes there’s a biological effect

Question 16

value assumptions

Answer 16

• ideals, standards of right and wrong, way things should be
• shaped by family, teachers, friends, religion, culture
  ex: “gen AI should not discriminate”

Question 17

Objections

Answer 17

• challenge a claim or part of the reasoning
• test how well an argument holds under scrutiny

Question 18

rebuttals

Answer 18

• respond directly to objections
• ‘however’

Question 19

Argument map

Answer 19

claim
underlying assumptions
3 reasons with evidence under
one objection
one rebuttal

Question 20

what are underlying assumptions

Answer 20

something a person believes to be true — but doesn’t say out loud — in order for their argument or claim to make sense.
ex: (Reality) Students have access to devices and the internet.

(Value) Using AI can be ethical if done responsibly.

(Reality) Employers will expect students to have AI skills.