Final Exam - Conditions, Tests, Body Planes

Question 1

RA

Answer 1

Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 2

GERD

Answer 2

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Question 3

LFT’s

Answer 3

Liver Function Test

Question 4

CVA

Answer 4

cerebrovascular accident (stroke)

Question 5

CSF

Answer 5

cerebral spinal fluid

Question 6

CT

Answer 6

Computerized tomography

Question 7

EEG

Answer 7

Electroencephalogram

Question 8

LP

Answer 8

Lumbar Puncture

Question 9

MRI

Answer 9

Magnetic resonance imaging

Question 10

TIA

Answer 10

Transient ischemic attack (mini stroke)

Question 11

Symptoms: Lack of appetite, pain in the LRQ, pain in the abdomen (may go down right leg), increased WBC count, nausea, low fever.

Caused by: blockage or infection

Treatment: antibiotics and/or surgery

Answer 11

appendicitis

Question 12

Symptoms: anemia, fever, vomiting, confusion, jaundice, weight loss, abdominal swelling, increased urine output

Causes: Often an autoimmune disease, may be caused by heavy drinking, Hep B & C

Treatment: medications, transplant, no drinking

Answer 12

Cirrhosis of the Liver

Question 13

Cholelithiasis

Answer 13

gall stones

Question 14

Inflammation of the in the in the pouches in the intestinal wall

treated with a high-fiber diet, antibiotics, or a colectomy (if severe)

Answer 14

diverticulitis

Question 15

When a portion of the stomach protrudes into the chest cavity

Answer 15

hiatal hernia

Question 16

the most common joint disorder

causes: inflammation processes and metabolic disorders
symptoms: joint stiffness, aching, and pain, increased pain with weather changes, fluid buildup, grinding/creaking sound with movement
treatment: anti-inflammatory meds, NSAIDs, cortisone shots and joint replacements if severe

Answer 16

osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease - DJD)

Question 17

the second most common joint disorder. 3x more common in women. chronic with periods of remission

causes: autoimmune disease causing joint inflammation when the synovial membrane is attacked
symptoms: tissue becomes granular and thick (eventually destroys the joint capsul), scar tissue builds up, severe pain, edema, bone atrophy
treatment: exercise, heat/cold therapy, anti-inflammatory meds, immuno-suppressants

Answer 17

RA - rheumatoid arthritis

Question 18

Causes: unlcear, but most common in white people ages 10-20. most common in the bones of the extremitys, but can also be in the spine, skull, pelvis, and chest wall.

symptoms: fever, pain and bruises at the tumor site, fractures
treatment: surgery, chemo, radiation therapy, stem cell and/or bone marrow transplant

Answer 18

ESFT - Ewing Sarcoma Family of Tumors

Question 19

abnormal curvature of the thoracic vertebrae - “humpback”

causes: improper development, poor posture, aging, degenerative disc diseases

treatment in kids: exercise, a firm bed, a back brace
treatment: spinal fusion or grafting, Harrington rods to keep vertebrae aligned

Answer 19

Kyphosis

Question 20

exaggerated inward curvature of the lumbar spine - “swayback”

caused by wearing high heels

treatment: stop wearing heels, cant be repaired– just kept from progressing

Answer 20

Lordosis

Question 21

a condition where bones thin over time; affects women more than men; mostly white people

causes: hormone deficiencies, sedentary lifestyle, lack of calcium and vit D, steroid use, smoking/drinking

symptoms: none in the early stages
later stage symptoms: fractures, height loss over time, pain, kyphosis

Answer 21

osteoporosis

Question 22

affects the GI, but also the muscular system; usually affects infants

causes: bacterium botulinum (usually lives in soil and water); usually found on/in canned vegetables (damaged cans), cured pork, honey, raw fish, and corn syrup
symptoms: difficulty swallowing, paralysis, muscle weakness, difficulty breathing, cramps, double vision, difficulty suckling in infants, absence of reflexes

symptoms usually appear 8-40 hours after ingestion

treatment: emergency hospitalization, intubation, antitoxin

Answer 22

botulism

Question 23

fairly common condition that results in chronic pain, most often affects women between the ages of 20-50

causes: poorly understood; may be causes/worsened by emotional distress, a virus, poor blood flow to the area, sleep disturbances
symptoms: fatigue, tiredness, tenderness of certain areas on the body, sleep disturbances, chronic facial pain
treatment: anti-depressants, anti-inflammatory and nerve meds, lifestyle changes and counseling to reduce stress,, reduction of caffine

Answer 23

fibromyalgia

Question 24

a group of inherited muscle disorders characterized by muscle loss and weakness. several types depending on the symptoms and age of appearance

treatment: physical therapy, braces and mobility aids, surgery, various meds

Answer 24

MD - muscular dystrophy

Question 25

“lockjaw” has a high mortality rate (especially in kids)

causes: colostridium tetani is naturally found in dirt and water, usually enters the body via a cut or puncture wound

symptoms appear in 5-10 days; muscle spasms in the jaw, neck, and face, may spread to other areas and cause fractures, irritability, fever, drooling, profuse sweating

treatment: antitoxin and antibiotics, sedation, muscle relaxants, mechanical ventilation in severe cases

Answer 25

tetanus

Question 26

progressive, degenerative disorder of the brain

causes: fiber tangles within neurons, degenerating nerve fibers, decreased neurotransmitter production, advanced age, genetic links
symptoms: memory loss, confusion, personality changes, speech deterioration, impaired judgment, restlessness
treatment: no cure, management with medications; slowed with exercise, a calm environment, good nutrition, social activity

Answer 26

alzheimer’s disease

Question 27

“Lou Gherig’s Disease,” a fatal disorder characterized by the degeneration of neurons in the spinal cord and brain

causes: we suspect hereditary and environmental factors
symptoms: cramping in the hands and feet, persistent tripping and falling, slurred speech, breathing difficulty, paralysis
treatment: no cure; physical, speech, and respiratory therapy;

Answer 27

ALS - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Question 28

sudden attack of the peripheral nerves by the immune system, the disease runs its course

causes: degeneration of the meyalin sheathe by the immune system. sometimes triggered by vaccines, pregnancy, or viruses
symptoms: weakness that may progress to paralysis; severe cases may include difficulty breathing and abnormal heartbeat

Answer 28

Gullain-Barre syndrome

Question 29

inflamation of the connective tissue in the skin

causes: staphylococcal and streptococcal bacteria
symptoms: painful, tight, red skin; possible fever
treatment: oral/topical antibiotics, possible IV meds in a hospital if severe

Answer 29

cellulitis

Question 30

chronic dermatitis that has acute phases

causes: mostly unknown, possibly related to an inflammatory condition; environmental irritation (stress, diet, meds, ets)
symptoms: blistering and itchy skin, red, scaly
treatment: topical steroids, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory meds

Answer 30

eczema

Question 31

“swimmers rash”

Answer 31

folliculitis

Question 32

caused by a virus

type 1: cold sores; spread by saliva
type 2: genital, sexually transmitted

Answer 32

herpes simplex

Question 33

“shingles”

Answer 33

herpes zoster

Question 34

genital, body, or head lice

Answer 34

pediculosis

Question 35

common chronic, inflammatory skin condition

causes: most likely an inherited auto-immune disease
symptoms: distinct silvery, scaly lesions; some people also have joint pain with this, known as ___ arthritis”

Answer 35

psoriasis

Question 36

the sagittal plane divides the body into __ & __ portions

Answer 36

left and right

Question 37

the transverse plane divides the body into __ & __ portions

Answer 37

top and bottom

Question 38

in relation to body directions, caudal also means ___

Answer 38

inferior