Digestive Flashcards
Symptoms: Lack of appetite, pain in the LRQ, pain in the abdomen (may go down right leg), increased WBC count, nausea, low fever.
Caused by: blockage or infection
Treatment: antibiotics and/or surgery
appendicitis
Symptoms: anemia, fever, vomiting, confusion, jaundice, weight loss, abdominal swelling, increased urine output
Causes: Often an autoimmune disease, may be caused by heavy drinking, Hep B & C
Treatment: medications, transplant, no drinking
Cirrhosis of the Liver
Cholelithiasis
gall stones
Inflammation of the in the in the pouches in the intestinal wall
treated with a high-fiber diet, antibiotics, or a colectomy (if severe)
diverticulitis
When a portion of the stomach protrudes into the chest cavity
hiatal hernia
mouth is also known as the ___ cavity
buccal
the roof of the mouth. separates the oral and nasal cavity
palate
the tonsils at the back of the mouth, at the oropharynx
palatine tonsils
adenoids are also known as the ___, and protect against bacteria and viruses
pharyngeal tonsils
saliva is made of (3)
water, mucus, and enzimes
the mass created by food mixed with mucus and saliva is called a
bolus
the ___ connects the nasal cavity to the oral cavity for breathing through the nose
pharynx
connects the pharynx to the stomach
esophagus
the hole in the stomach for the esophagus
esophageal hiatus
food + gastric juice
chyme
it takes _ to _ hours for the stomach to empty after a meal
4 to 8
___ cells secrete pepsinogen, which turns into pepsin in the presence of acid
Chief cells
Pepsin digests ___
protein
___ cells secrets hydrochloric acid so pepsinogen can be turned into pepsin
Parietal cells
a _-___ may be inserted if a patient can’t swallow so they can be given liquid meals
G-Tube (gastronomy tube)
the beginning of the small intestine; C-shaped, and short
duodenum
middle portion of the small intestine
jejunum
the final portion of the small intestine
ileium
the beginning of the large intestine
cecum
the cecum turns into the
ascending colon
the acending colon turns into the ___, then the ___
transverse, then descending
the descending colon goes down the __ side of the body
left
__ cells produce pancreatic juices
acinar
bile leaves the gallbladder via the ___ duct
cystic
the liver is in the ___ quadrant
URQ
___cytes process nutrients in the blood and make bile
hepatocytes
bile digests
fat
the ___ duct merges with the ___ duct and forms the ___ duct
hepatic + cystic = common bile duct
the most abundant lipid; found in meat, cheese, butter, eggs
triglycerides
another common lipid found in eggs, cheese, butter, and whole milk
cholesterol
What are the 4 fat-soluble vitamins
A, D, E, K
what are the 2 water-soluble vitamins
all B vitamins, and C
Vitamin needed for visual receptors, mucus, repair of epithelial tissue, and normal bone/muscle growth
vit A
needed for protein, antibody, and nucleic acid synthesis
Vit B6
needed for the production of amino acids, RBCs, and DNA
Folic Acid
needed for carb, fat, protein, and nucleic acid metabolism
Vit C (ascorbic acid)
antioxidant that prevents tissue breakdown
Vit E
needed for blood clotting
Vit K
