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MEAS 110 - Intro to Clinicals > Chapter 21 - Organization of the Body > Flashcards

Chapter 21 - Organization of the Body Flashcards

1
Q

matter that generally contains carbon and hydrogen

A

organic matter

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2
Q

combination of two atoms from different elements

A

a compound

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3
Q

chemical combination of two or more atoms

A

a molecule

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4
Q

a segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein or function

A

a gene

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5
Q

positively and negatively charges particles

A

ions

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6
Q

simplest unit of all matter

A

atoms

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7
Q

results when errors occur during DNA duplication

A

mutations

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8
Q

substance that releases ions into the water

A

electrolytes

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9
Q

matter that does not contain carbon or hydrogen

A

inorganic

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10
Q

smallest living unit

A

cell

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11
Q

is diffusion a active or passive mechanism?

A

passive

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12
Q

what is PCR (polymerase chain reaction)

A

a technique used to make multiple copies of DNA, even small fragments

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13
Q

what kind of tissue covers the body and lines body cavities

A

epithelial tissue

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14
Q

what cavity contains the brain and spinal cord

A

dorsal

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15
Q

what is the anatomical position

A

body erect; head, feet, and palms facing anteriorly (forward)

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16
Q

the shoulder is ___ to the elbow

A

proximal

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17
Q

the abdominal and pelvic cavity are separated by the

A

diaphragm

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18
Q

the iliac region is also known as the ___ region

A

inguinal

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19
Q

in which quadrant is the appendix located

A

RLQ

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20
Q

acidic pH is ___

A

less than 7

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21
Q

basic pH is ___

A

greater than 7

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22
Q

neutral pH is ___

A

7

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23
Q

the most abundant inorganic compound in the body is ___

A

water

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24
Q

cell membranes have __ layers of phospholipid

A

2

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25
Q

the heart, lungs, aorta, esophagus, and trachea are in the ___ cavity

A

thoracic

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26
Q

if a characteristic is carried on the female chromosome, the disease is known as __-linked

A

X

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27
Q

different forms of genes are called

A

alleles

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28
Q

which organelles preform the cells digestive function

A

lysosomes

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29
Q

which type of gland secretes its product directly into the blood stream

A

endocrine

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30
Q

the ankle is ___ to the foot

A

proximal

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31
Q

anteroposterior means

A

front to back

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32
Q

a cell doing normal, daily function is in what phase

A

interphase

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33
Q

____ is the process that uses pressure to separate substances in a solution

A

filtration

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34
Q

diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane is ____

A

osmosis

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35
Q

___ is the movement of a substance from a high concentration area to a low one

A

diffusion

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36
Q

the study of matter and chemical reactions in the body is ____

A

biochemistry

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37
Q

the most abundant tissue in the body is ____

A

connective tissue

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38
Q

overall chemical function of the body is ____

A

metabolism

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39
Q

ligaments, tendons, and joint capsules are ___ tissue

A

dense connective tissue

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40
Q

adiose connective tissue is located ___

A

all throughout the body

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41
Q

cartilage connective tissue is located ___

A

between vertebrae (discs) and the ends of long bones

42
Q

osseous connective tissue is located ___

A

bones

43
Q

the dorsal cavity contains the ___ and ___ cavity

A

cranial and spinal

44
Q

the ventral cavity contains ___ and ___ cavity

A

thoracic and abdominopelvic

45
Q

the ___ cavity contains the lungs, heart, esophagus, and trachea

A

thoracic

46
Q

the stomach, small/large intestines, gallbladder, liver, spleen, kidneys, and pancreas are in the ___ cavity

A

the abdominopelvic cavity

47
Q

the three types of muscle

A

skeletal, visceral, cardiac

48
Q

What does the Golgi apparatus do

A

Sorts proteins from ribosomes, produce carbs, store/prep secretions for removal

49
Q

What do the centrioles do

A

Equally separate the chromosomes to the daughter cells

50
Q

What do the endoplasmc reticulums do

A

Create pathways for substances to move throughout the cell

51
Q

neurons vs neuroglial cells

A

neurons are bigger and transport impulses.

Neuroglial cells are more abundant support cells

52
Q

Summarize the integumentary system

A

skin, nails, sweat glands

sensory, protection, temp regulation, prevents water loss, Vit D precursors

53
Q

Summarize the skeletal system

A

bones, ligaments, joints and their cartilage

protection, support, movement, produces blood, stores minerals

54
Q

Summarize the muscular system

A

movement, posture, body heat, attached to the skeleton by tendons

55
Q

Summarize the lymphatic system

A

vessels and nodes

filters substances from blood and lymph, combats disease, absorbs fat from the GI, tissue/fluid balance

56
Q

Summarize the respiratory system

A

blood pH, oxygen/carbon dioxide exchange

57
Q

Summarize the nervous system

A

brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory receptors

senses, movement, all brain/body functions

58
Q

Summarize the cardiovascular system

A

heart, blood and vessles

transport system for nutrients/waste/gas/hormones, immune response, body temp

59
Q

Summarize the urinary system

A

kidneys, bladder, ureters, urethra

waste removal, pH regulation, ion/water balance

60
Q

superior / cranial

A

above, close to the head

61
Q

inferior / caudal

A

below, close to the feet

62
Q

anterior / ventral

A

toward the front of the body

63
Q

posterior / dorsal

A

toward the back of the body

64
Q

medial

A

close to the midline

65
Q

lateral

A

away from the midline

66
Q

proximal

A

close to the point of attachment, close to the trunk of the body

67
Q

distal

A

farther away from the point of attachment, farther away from the trunk

68
Q

sagittal plane

A

right and left sides

69
Q

midsagittal plane

A

right and left sides even down the middle

70
Q

transverse plane

A

superior/inferior portions

71
Q

frontal / coronal plane

A

anterior and posterior

72
Q

the ___ and ___ cavity make up the dorsal cavity

A

cranial and spinal

73
Q

the ___, ___, and ___ cavities make up the ventral cavity

A

thoracic, abdominopelvic, and pelvic

74
Q

the lungs, heart, esophagus, and trachea are in the ___ cavity

A

the thoracic cavity

75
Q

what cavity houses the:

superior/inferior pelvic cavities, stomach, small/large intestines, gallbladder, liver, spleen, kidneys, pancreas

A

the abdominopelvic cavity

76
Q

the pelvic cavity contains the ___ and ____ organs

A

bladder and reproductive organs

77
Q

the cell membrane is made up of

A

two layers of phospholipids, proteins, cholesterol, and some carbs

78
Q

cytoplasm is made of

A

water, ions, and nutrients

79
Q

the finger-like projections on the cell, help move the cell around; usually found on mucus membranes

A

cilia

80
Q

what is a flagellum

A

the tail some cells have (like sperm)

81
Q

what is responsible for protein synthesis (along with RNA) and supports the protein as its forming

A

ribosomes

82
Q

what forms networks to transport substances through the cytoplasm

A

endoplasmic reticulum: what do they do

83
Q

sort/process proteins from the ribosomes; synthesize carbs, prepares/stores secretions to be discarded from the cell

A

golgi apparatus

84
Q

lysosomes serve as the cells ___

A

digestive system

85
Q

2 cylinders that equally distribute chromosomes to the daughter cells

A

centrioles

86
Q

rough endoplasmic reticulum is rough because it has ___ on it

A

ribosomes

87
Q

the 4 phases of mitosis

A

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

88
Q

the phase of mitosis when centrioles move to the ends and create spindle fibers

A

porphase

89
Q

the phase of mitosis when chromosomes line up in the middle

A

metaphase

meta- subsequent to, next in line

90
Q

the phase of mitosis when the chromosomes actually pull apart

A

anaphase

ana-apart

91
Q

the phase of mitosis when the cell is done dividing

A

telephase

call mom at the end of your day

92
Q

there are __ chromosomes, making __ pairs

A

46; 23

93
Q

meiosis is exclusively for ___ cells

A

reproductive

94
Q

meiosis results in __ cells

A

4

95
Q

each reproductive cell has __ chromosomes instead of 46

A
  1. when they combine, it completes the halves
96
Q

what is polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

A

A quick, easy method for making millions of copies of a DNA fragment– even with just one cell

97
Q

what is DNA fingerprinting

A

identifying individuals (and their genetic disorders) by mapping there DNA

98
Q

homologous chromosomes are also known as ___

A

autosomes

99
Q

what are autosomes

A

the first 22 of the 23 chromosome pairs

100
Q

the 23rd chromosome pair is either __ or __

A

XY or XX

101
Q

what are alleles

A

the dominant or recessive gene/traits

102
Q

the tiny protrusions that increase the cells surface area for diffusion without making the cell bigger

A

microvilli

MEAS 110 - Intro to Clinicals (9 decks)

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