Final Exam- C3

Question 1

*“Atomos” concept (5th century
*
*“Matter is composed of tiny
indivisible objects”
*
Not accepted by Aristotle and was
later ignored for centuries

Answer 1

Democritus

Question 2

Atomic theory

Answer 2

John Dalton

Question 3

*
Pioneered investigations on
Cathode Rays

Answer 3

Julius
Plucker

Question 4

*
Discovered the Electron (1897)
*
Plum Pudding Model of the Atom
*
Charge to mass ratio of electron =
1.758820 x 10 11 C/kg

Answer 4

Joseph J. Thomson

Question 5

*
Oil drop Experiment
*
Charge of Electron = 1.602 x 10 19 C

Answer 5

Robert Millikan

Question 6

*
α particle scattering experiment
*
Discovered the Proton
*
Nuclear Model of the Atom (1904)

Answer 6

Ernest Rutherford

Question 7

*
Originator of the quantum
theory (1900)
*
Blackbody radiation
*
*quanta
*
E = hv

Answer 7

Max Planck

Question 8

*
Photoelectric Effect (1905)
*
*“photon

Answer 8

Albert Einstein

Question 9

Planetary Model of the Atom (1913)

Answer 9

Niels Bohr

Question 10

*
Wave particle duality (1923)
physical entities possessing
both wave like and particle like
characteristics.

Answer 10

Louis de Broglie

Question 11

*
Quantum mechanical model (1926)
*
Ĥ ψ = E ψ

Answer 11

Erwin
Schr ödinger

Question 12

*
Uncertainty Principle (1927)
*
Matrix Mechanics (1925)

Answer 12

Werner Heisenberg

Question 13

*
Discovered the neutron (1932)

Answer 13

James Chadwick

Question 14

main energy levels
distance of e from nucleus
values: 1, 2, 3 …

Answer 14

Principal Quantum Number

Question 15

shape of the orbital
values: 0 to (n 1)

Answer 15

Azimuthal/ Angular Quantum number

Question 16

orientation of orbital in space
values: l to +l, including 0

Answer 16

Magnetic Quantum Number

Question 17

how two (2) e in the same orbital will interact
maximum of 2 e per orbital (with same n, l and m l
values: +½ (up spin) and ½ (down spin)

Answer 17

Spin quantum number

Question 18

no 2 e can have the same set of
quantum numbers

Answer 18

Pauli’s Exclusion Principle

Question 19

every orbital in a subshell is singly occupied
with 1 e before any one orbital is doubly occupied, and all e
in singly occupied orbitals have the same spin

Answer 19

Hund’s Rule

Question 20

energy increases with increasing ( n+l )
value; for same values of ( n+l ), energy increases with
increasing n

Answer 20

Madelung’s Rule

Question 21

the distribution of electrons of an atom or
molecule (or other physical structure) in
atomic or molecular orbitals

Answer 21

Electron Configuration

Question 22

nuclear charge felt by an electron from both the actual
nuclear charge Z ), which is equal to the number of
protons and the repulsive effects of the other electrons
(shielding, S equal to the number of core electrons).

Answer 22

Effective Nuclear Charge (Z
eff

Question 23

Zeff formula

Answer 23

Zeff= Z-S

Question 24

energy required to remove e

Answer 24

Ionization Energy

Question 25

energy evolved when an atom accepts e or energy required to detach one electron from a negatively charged ion of an atom.

Answer 25

Electron Affinity

Question 26

ability of bonded atoms to attract shared e

Answer 26

Electronegativity

Question 27

mixing of two or more atomic orbitals to form a new set of hybrid orbitals.

Answer 27

Hybridization

Question 28

bonds are formed by sharing of e from overlapping atomic orbitals.

Answer 28

Valence bond theory

Question 29

formed by sharing of electrons

Answer 29

covalent bond

Question 30

ability of an atom to attract shared pair of electrons

Answer 30

electronegativity

Question 31

unequal sharing of electrons greater electron density around one of the two atoms

Answer 31

polar covalent

Question 32

equal sharing of electrons

Answer 32

polar covalent bonds