Final Exam (Antimycobacterial Agents)

Question 1

(5) reasons mycobacterial infections are difficult to treat/cure

Answer 1

1. slow growing organism
2. resistant to ABO
3. may be killed very slowly
4. lipid-rich cell wall is impermeable to many agents
5. can lie dormant in body for years

Question 2

True or False - mycobacteria have the ability to become resistant to any single anti-infective agent?

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Name the (4) first line agents given in combination during initial phase used to treat TB

Answer 3

1. Isoniazid (INH)
2. Rifampin
3. Ethambutol
4. Pyrazinamide

Question 4

What (2) first line agents are given in combination during continuation phase for treatment of TB?

Answer 4

1. Isoniazid (INH)

2. Rifampin

Question 5

MOA for Isoniazid

Answer 5

Prodrug that is metabolized by the mycobacteria to the activated form. Activated form inhibits the synthesis of mycolic acid (mycolic acid is required for mycobacterial cell walls

Question 6

Drugs that require dose adjustment

Answer 6

1.

Question 7

Drugs that DO NOT require dose adjustment

Answer 7

1. Isoniazid
2. Rifampin
   3.

Question 8

True or False - except for household (latent) TB, patients don’t just take 1 drug?

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Most common ADR of INH?

Answer 9

hepatitis - direct toxicity

Question 10

Common ADR from sorbitol in INH liquid preparation?

Answer 10

diarrhea

Question 11

INH dosage forms

Answer 11

oral tablets, syrup, parenteral

Question 12

True or False - Rifampin is a natural antiviral?

Answer 12

False - it’s a semi-synthetic agent produced from rifamycin

Question 13

Rifampin MOA

Answer 13

Binds to bacterial RNA polymerase inhibiting RNA synthesis