Final Exam Flashcards
Anselm
Father of medieval scholasticism
Born in Aosta, Italy - 1033-1109
1059 he meets Lanfranc at Normandy (?)
Writes the Monologion and Prosologion at Normandy; later in life writes Curdeaus Homo
Monologion
In the form of a Monologue
Written early in Anselm’s ministry
Wrote regarding a pattern for meditation and faith
-Reasoning in Monologion:
There is a supremely good being who is self-sufficient
This supreme being is eternal and cannot cease to be what he is
This being is immutable
Proslogion
Written by Anselm
Reflections on God in the form of a discourse
Trying to prove God’s existence apart from Scripture
The goal was to turn atheists to theists
Cur Deus Homo
Written by Anselm when he was archbishop of Canterbury
Why the God man- prove the incarnation
Dialogue between Boso and Anselm
Scholasticism
A way of teaching and learning
Largely based on Q and A style of learning
Using this method in Christianity: reason can be used to prove the existence of God and that we need a Savior
Bernard of Clairvaux (c 1090-1153)
Born in eastern france
Lived and died a monk
Early scholasticism, but pushed back against it
Faith seeking an experience, rather than understanding
Books: Grace and Free Will, Loving God, Sermons on Song of Songs
Loving God
Written by Bernard Combined scholasticism and mysticism Love ourselves for our own sake Love God because of what he’s done and will do Love God for his own sake Loving yourself for God’s sake
Sermons on Song of Songs
Written by Bernard Allegorical interpretation 86 sermons in the form of a Quadriga Focused on the monk and his relationship with God
Quadriga
Used by Bernard in his sermons on Song of Songs Fourfold method One meaning multitudes of applications -Literal/Historical reading -Allegorical -Tropological -Analogical
Bernard of Clairvaux, Influenced by:
Anselm and his ontological argument for the existence of God in the Proslogion & his work “Cur Deus Homo”
Peter Abalard - began to define scholasticism in his work “Sic et Non”
Hugh of Saint Victor
Peter Lombard
Sic et Non
Written by Peter Abalard
There are contradictions within the Church fathers
There are errors in the church fathers
The fathers must be examined in light of Scripture
Hugh of Saint Victor (1096-1141)
Saxion Priest
“Second Augustine” - all knowledge leads to God
Wrote Didascalicon
Lectio Divina
formulated by Hugh of Saint Victor found in the Didascalicon Reading the divine Reading// opens the mind to divine knowledge Teaching //about doctrine Reflecting //on the Word Prayer// and worship flowing out of the Word Perform// the text Contemplate //the divine mysteries
Didascalicon (1127)
Written by Hugh of Saint Victor On the study of reading Reading the text brings us into the presence of God Not a form of eastern mysticism Focused on a literal reading of the text
Peter Lombard (1096-1160)
Book: Sentences
Systematic summary of theological propositions
Topical argument of theology
He gives a method of doing theology
Topical argument of theology
By: Peter Lombard God and the Trinity Creation and Sin Christ and the Christian Life Sacraments and the Last things
Thomas Aquinas (1224)
Medieval scholastic
Involved with the dominican monks
Studied under Albert the Great
Called the “Dumb Ox” ecause he was socially awkward and plump
Wrote the Summa Theologica & Summa Contra Gentiles
Summa Theologica
Written by: Thomas Aquinas
Magnum opus
Taught the scholastic method
3 parts: God and Creation, Man in the image of God, Christ and Sacraments
Summa Contra Gentiles
Written by: Thomas Aquinas
Divided into four books
Against pagans summary of Christian doctrine
Eccuminical Creeds
Windows to the past
Consensus of the worldwide church - eccuminical counsel
All people within protestantism hold to these 4 counsels
Roman catholics have 21 eccuminical counsels
Second Council of Constantinople
553 Pope Vigilius Emperor Justinian = in charge Condemned Nestorian theology and; "3 chapters" and Origen Mary could be called the mother of God Reaffirmed general councils
Third Council of Constantinople
680
approved teaching of 2 distinct wills
condemned nestorianism
Second Council of Nicea
787 Called by Emperor Constantine the VI and his mother Irean Pope Hadrian I - Pope at time Regulates the veneration of holy images Condemned the destruction of icons
Fourth Council of Constantinople
879
Criticized clerical celibacy
Questioned a clause in the Nicene Creed regarding the Spirit proceeding from the Son
Condemned Photius
Lanfranc
Influencer of Anselm
Lawyer before becoming Prior of an abby named Bec in Normandy
Became Archbishop of Canterbury.
Peter Abelard
Yes and No; sic et non 158 theological questions. debated discrepancies between scripture and church fathers. influenced Bernard Began to define scholasticism
Photius
Patriarch of Constantinople responsible for the Photon Schism (857-867)
Questioned the celebasy of bishops.
Believed the Spirit came from the Father, not the son.
