Final Exam

Question 1

Anselm

Answer 1

Father of medieval scholasticism
Born in Aosta, Italy - 1033-1109
1059 he meets Lanfranc at Normandy (?)
Writes the Monologion and Prosologion at Normandy; later in life writes Curdeaus Homo

Question 2

Monologion

Answer 2

In the form of a Monologue
Written early in Anselm’s ministry
Wrote regarding a pattern for meditation and faith

-Reasoning in Monologion:
There is a supremely good being who is self-sufficient
This supreme being is eternal and cannot cease to be what he is
This being is immutable

Question 3

Proslogion

Answer 3

Written by Anselm
Reflections on God in the form of a discourse
Trying to prove God’s existence apart from Scripture
The goal was to turn atheists to theists

Question 4

Cur Deus Homo

Answer 4

Written by Anselm when he was archbishop of Canterbury
Why the God man- prove the incarnation
Dialogue between Boso and Anselm

Question 5

Scholasticism

Answer 5

A way of teaching and learning
Largely based on Q and A style of learning
Using this method in Christianity: reason can be used to prove the existence of God and that we need a Savior

Question 6

Bernard of Clairvaux (c 1090-1153)

Answer 6

Born in eastern france
Lived and died a monk
Early scholasticism, but pushed back against it
Faith seeking an experience, rather than understanding
Books: Grace and Free Will, Loving God, Sermons on Song of Songs

Question 7

Loving God

Answer 7

Written by Bernard 
Combined scholasticism and mysticism
Love ourselves for our own sake
Love God because of what he’s done and will do
Love God for his own sake
Loving yourself for God’s sake

Question 8

Sermons on Song of Songs

Answer 8

Written by Bernard 
Allegorical interpretation
86 sermons
in the form of a Quadriga
Focused on the monk and his relationship with God

Question 9

Quadriga

Answer 9

Used by Bernard in his sermons on Song of Songs
Fourfold method 
One meaning multitudes of applications 
-Literal/Historical reading
-Allegorical
-Tropological 
-Analogical

Question 10

Bernard of Clairvaux, Influenced by:

Answer 10

Anselm and his ontological argument for the existence of God in the Proslogion & his work “Cur Deus Homo”
Peter Abalard - began to define scholasticism in his work “Sic et Non”
Hugh of Saint Victor
Peter Lombard

Question 11

Sic et Non

Answer 11

Written by Peter Abalard
There are contradictions within the Church fathers
There are errors in the church fathers
The fathers must be examined in light of Scripture

Question 12

Hugh of Saint Victor (1096-1141)

Answer 12

Saxion Priest
“Second Augustine” - all knowledge leads to God
Wrote Didascalicon

Question 13

Lectio Divina

Answer 13

formulated by Hugh of Saint Victor
found in the Didascalicon
Reading the divine
Reading// opens the mind to divine knowledge
Teaching //about doctrine
Reflecting //on the Word
Prayer// and worship flowing out of the Word 
Perform// the text
Contemplate //the divine mysteries

Question 14

Didascalicon (1127)

Answer 14

Written by Hugh of Saint Victor
On the study of reading 
Reading the text brings us into the presence of God
Not a form of eastern mysticism 
Focused on a literal reading of the text

Question 15

Peter Lombard (1096-1160)

Answer 15

Book: Sentences
Systematic summary of theological propositions
Topical argument of theology
He gives a method of doing theology

Question 16

Topical argument of theology

Answer 16

By: Peter Lombard
God and the Trinity 
Creation and Sin 
Christ and the Christian Life
Sacraments and the Last things

Question 17

Thomas Aquinas (1224)

Answer 17

Medieval scholastic
Involved with the dominican monks
Studied under Albert the Great
Called the “Dumb Ox” ecause he was socially awkward and plump
Wrote the Summa Theologica & Summa Contra Gentiles

Question 18

Summa Theologica

Answer 18

Written by: Thomas Aquinas
Magnum opus
Taught the scholastic method
3 parts: God and Creation, Man in the image of God, Christ and Sacraments

Question 19

Summa Contra Gentiles

Answer 19

Written by: Thomas Aquinas
Divided into four books
Against pagans summary of Christian doctrine

Question 20

Eccuminical Creeds

Answer 20

Windows to the past
Consensus of the worldwide church - eccuminical counsel
All people within protestantism hold to these 4 counsels
Roman catholics have 21 eccuminical counsels

Question 21

Second Council of Constantinople

Answer 21

553 
Pope Vigilius 
Emperor Justinian = in charge
Condemned Nestorian theology and; "3 chapters" and Origen
Mary could be called the mother of God
Reaffirmed general councils

Question 22

Third Council of Constantinople

Answer 22

680
approved teaching of 2 distinct wills
condemned nestorianism

Question 23

Second Council of Nicea

Answer 23

787 
Called by Emperor Constantine the VI and his mother Irean
Pope Hadrian I - Pope at time
Regulates the veneration of holy images
Condemned the destruction of icons

Question 24

Fourth Council of Constantinople

Answer 24

879
Criticized clerical celibacy
Questioned a clause in the Nicene Creed regarding the Spirit proceeding from the Son
Condemned Photius

Question 25

Lanfranc

Answer 25

Influencer of Anselm
Lawyer before becoming Prior of an abby named Bec in Normandy
Became Archbishop of Canterbury.

Question 26

Peter Abelard

Answer 26

Yes and No; sic et non
158 theological questions. 
debated discrepancies between scripture and church fathers. 
influenced Bernard
Began to define scholasticism

Question 27

Photius

Answer 27

Patriarch of Constantinople responsible for the Photon Schism (857-867)
Questioned the celebasy of bishops.
Believed the Spirit came from the Father, not the son.