Final Exam

Question 1

Functional Analysis & what are the reinforcements:

Motor behavior of anxiety

Answer 1

A: stimulus that elicits fear
B: move away from stimulus
C: bad feelings of anxiety go away (negative reinforcement)

Question 2

Functional Analysis & what are the reinforcements:

Compulsive behavior of a child with OCD?

Answer 2

A: bad feelings/anxiety
B: compulsive behavior
C: bad feelings of anxiety go away (negative reinforcement)

Question 3

Functional Analysis & what are the reinforcements:

Non-suicidal self-injury reinforcements

Answer 3

• resolve interpersonal conflict
• obtain relief from negative feeling or cognitive state
• induce a positive feeling state (positive reinforcement)

Question 4

Functional Analysis & what are the reinforcements:

Defiant response of oppositional defiant disorder

Answer 4

A: parent presents demand
B: defiant response
C: get out of doing demand (neg reinforcement)

Question 5

Functional Analysis & what are the reinforcements:

Parent response of giving in when ODD children are defiant and rude

Answer 5

A: child defiant
B: parent gives in
C: tantrum/defiance stops

Question 6

Functional Analysis & what are the reinforcements:

Disinhibited social engagement reinforcer

Answer 6

• attention (positive reinf)

Question 7

Functional Analysis & what are the reinforcements:

Dissociative behavior of a child who is sexually abused

Answer 7

A: bad emotions, feelings, thoughts
B: dissociate
C: escape bad feelings (neg reinfor)

Question 8

Functional Analysis & what are the reinforcements:

Self-injurious behavior (SIB) of a child with autism

Answer 8

A: change in routine, alone, schoolwork
B: SIB
C: attention, dont have to do work, internal sensory feedback

Question 9

What is the difference between functional analysis and the nominal fallacy?

Answer 9

• Functional analysis: answers the “why” of behavior; asks about a child’s behavior in context/setting
• nominal fallacy: labels that are used to describe behavior are stated as causes (ex. she’s sad bc she’s depressed)

Question 10

Criteria for Anxiety:

Specific phobia

Answer 10

• extreme dsiabling fear about object or situation that poses little to no threat
• avoid the object/situation going to great lengths to do so

Question 11

Criteria for Anxiety:

Selective mutism

Answer 11

• failure to speak in specific social situations where there is an expectation to do so
• may speak in other settings

Question 12

Criteria for Anxiety:

School refusal

Answer 12

• refusal to attend school specifically

- may have similar behaviors to separation anxiety but must figure out reinforcer

Question 13

Criteria for Anxiety:

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Answer 13

• obsess; persistent - at least 1 hr/day on the same thought
• “intrusive” thoughts - feels like they cant control it
• ex. contamination, hypermorality/perfection, need for order/balance/symmetry, do thing wrong way
• compulsion: voluntary, adaptive bc anxiety/bad thoughts go away after performing (neg. rein)

Question 14

Criteria for Anxiety:

Social anxiety disorder/ social phobia

Answer 14

• fear of social or performance requirements that expose them to scrutiny and possible embarrassment
• often don’t want to be focus of attnetnion
• anticipate awkwardenss and poor performance

Question 15

Criteria for Anxiety:

Separation anxiety disorder

Answer 15

• separation from parents/ primary caregiver
• excessive age-inappropriate distress
• fantasize about reunion

Question 16

Criteria for Anxiety:

Generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 16

• excessive worry about a range of topics (BAD and in the future)
• worry is out of proportion w/ actual likelihood
• tend to be perfectionistic, high expectations of selves and others
• worry about performance and people’s reactions
• seek reassurance
• move away from thing causing anxiety (neg. rein)
• physical symp: nasueua, muscle tension headaches, perspire, heart rate

Question 17

Criteria for Mood Disorder:

Dysthymia/ persistent depressive disorder

Answer 17

• Dysthymia: chronic (at least 1 yr), less intense, hopeless/helpless

Question 18

Criteria for Mood Disorder:

Major depression

Answer 18

• 1.) sadness (more days than not for most of day)
• 2.) an hedonia (inability to experience pleasure with things that used to be fun)
• 3.) sleep problems (too much or too little)
• 4.) eating problems (too much or too little)
• 5.) thoughts of death (not necessarily suicide)
• 6.) problems with attention/concentrating
• 7.) thoughts of worthlessness (self-deprecating comments - not accurate)
• 8.) motor agitation
• 9.) fatigue

Question 19

Criteria for Mood Disorder:

Non-suicidal self-injury

Answer 19

• intentional self-inflicted damage to the surface of the body
• no suicidal intent
• behavior interferes with functioning

Question 20

Criteria for Mood Disorder:

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder

Answer 20

• chronic, severe, persistent irritability
• temper tantrums that are age-inappropriate and out f proportion
• bad mood
• happens in at least 2 different settings

Question 21

Criteria for Disruptive Behavior Disorders:

Conduct Disorder: childhood onset vs adulthood onset

Answer 21

• childhood: less that 10 yrs old; left untreated persists into adulthood and tend to be more aggressive as adults
• adolescent: usually more brief, “maturity gap,” peer relations tend to influence this

Question 22

Criteria for Disruptive Behavior Disorders:

Conduct Disorder: describe limited prosocial emotions

Answer 22

• lack of remorse/don’t feel guilty
• callous (lack empathy - knowing and feeling others’ emotions) (“cold”)
• unconcerned about own performance
• don’t express emotions

Question 23

Criteria for Disruptive Behavior Disorders:

Conduct Disorder: characteristics

Answer 23

• 1.) aggression to ppl and animals (ex. bullying, starting fights, forcibly stealing, torture small animals)
• 2.) deceitfulness and theft (nontrivial)
• 3.) Property destruction
• 4.) serious rule violations

Question 24

Criteria for Disruptive Behavior Disorders:

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Answer 24

• 1.) defiance - voluntary motor response, “no” response (ex. arguing, deliberately annoying others, blame others)
• 2.) angry/irritable (more tantrums then developmentally normal)
• 3.) vindictive (malicious ill will prompting urge to hurt or humiliate others)

Question 25

ADHD:

Characteristics and Three Types

Answer 25

• 1.) hyperactivity - nondirective (doesnt accomplish anything IRL, just neural motor feedback) & relentless and pervasive across settings
• 2.) attention problems in two possible forms (short attentions span OR distractable)
• 3.) impulsive/impulsivity (can appear in 3 ways) (short latency between antecedent and behavior meaning react suddenly) (cognitive analysis - act as if they arent thinking about consequences, “thoughtless”) (inordinantly influenced by immediate outcomes - not affected by long-term outcomes, maladaptive bc society constructed around delayed outcomes)
• ADHD Predominantly Inattentive Type (ADD) (mostly attn problems)
• ADHD Predominantly Hyper-Impulse Type (lots of hyper-motor behavior & impulsivity but pays attn)
• ADHD Combined Type (all 3 features)

Question 26

Types of Abuse:

Types of neglect

Answer 26

• medical neglect (doesn’t get child medical care if sick or injured)
• physical neglect (must have shelter, food, be able to take care of hygiene)
• educational neglect (have to go to school at age 6 or be homeschooled)
• moral/emotional neglect (raise to do things considered immoral or do not have positive feelings for child;indifferent)